Table 2 Demographic characteristics and air pollution variables by type of community in Gauteng and North West provinces, South Africa during November-December 2012
| Â | Community | p-value c | |
|---|---|---|---|
Exposed a (n = 1499) | Unexposed b (n = 898) | ||
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
Female | 774 (51.6) | 472 (52.3) | 0.66 |
Male | 725 (48.4) | 426 (47.4) | |
Age (in years) | Â | Â | Â |
55-59 | 500 (33.4) | 225 (25.1) | <0.001 |
60-64 | 405 (27.0) | 221 (24.6) | |
65-69 | 228 (15.2) | 125 (13.9) | |
70-84 | 309 (20.6) | 278 (31.0) | |
≥85 | 48 (3.2) | 29 (3.2) | |
Missing | 9 (0.6) | 20 (2.2) | |
Population group | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
Black | 1006 (41.9) | 695 (29.0) | |
Coloured | 493 (20.6) | 203 (8.5) | |
Level of education | Â | Â | Â |
No schooling | 262 (17.5) | 271 (30.2) | <0.001 |
Primary | 479 (32.0) | 287 (32.0) | |
Secondary | 691 (46.1) | 332 (37.0) | |
Tertiary | 67 (4.5) | 8 (0.8) | |
Smoking habits | Â | Â | Â |
Non-smoker | 888 (59.2) | 598 (66.6) | <0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 234 (15.6) | 187 (20.8) | |
Current smoker | 377 (25.2) | 113 (12.6) | |
Occupational exposure history to dust/chemical fumes | Â | Â | Â |
Yes | 637 (42.5) | 149 (16.6) | <0.001 |
No | 862 (57.5) | 749 (83.4) | |
Main residential heating/cooking fuel type | Â | Â | Â |
Electricity | 1422 (94.9) | 783 (87.2) | <0.001 |
Gas | 31 (2.1) | 67 (7.5) | |
Paraffin | 25 (1.7) | 6 (0.7) | |
Open fires | 1 (0.07) | 13 (1.5) | |
Missing | 20 (1.3) | 29 (3.2) | |