Fig. 2
From: Structural equation modeling of immunotoxicity associated with exposure to perfluorinated alkylates
Structural equation model for latent PFAS exposure (middle circle) manifested by concentrations of PFOA, PFOS, and PFHxS at year 5 and 7 (left squares); Additional file 1: Model 5. The dashed (doubled-headed) arrows indicate the local dependencies between the manifest variables. Local dependence between concentrations at the same age is modeled by latent variables Year 5 and Year 7 (left circles). “Covariates” (middle square) are age, sex, and booster type that predicts the joint latent PFAS variable and the two antibody concentrations additively and linearly