Arsenic exposure is associated with pediatric pneumonia in rural Bangladesh: a case control study

Table 5 Crude and adjusted odds ratios of case and control urine samples at the convalescent timepoint (without urinary creatinine adjustment)*

Convalescent Time point
All pneumonia cases (severe and very severe)
Total urinary arsenic (μg/L)	Case convalescent urine samples (N = 153)		Control urine samples (N = 296)		Crude OR	95 % CI	Adjusted OR	95 % CI
	No.	%	No.	%
0–5.9	30	20 %	85	29 %	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
6.0–14.9	44	29 %	67	23 %	1.86	1.06, 3.27	2.10	1.16, 3.81
15.0–41.9	39	25 %	72	24 %	1.53	0.87, 2.71	1.97	1.03, 3.79
Greater or equal to 42.0	40	26 %	72	24 %	1.57	0.89, 2.78	2.03	1.04, 3.97
Only severe pneumonia cases (sensitivity analysis)
Total urinary arsenic (μg/L)	Case convalescent urine samples (N = 135)		Control urine samples (N = 296)		Crude OR	95 % CI	Adjusted OR	95 % CI
	No.	%	No.	%
0–5.9	24	18 %	85	29 %	1.00	Reference	1.00	Reference
6.0–14.9	39	29 %	67	23 %	2.06	1.13, 3.76	2.30	1.22, 4.32
15.0–41.9	38	28 %	72	24 %	1.87	1.03, 3.41	2.26	1.15, 4.46
Greater or equal to 42.0	34	25 %	72	24 %	1.67	0.91, 3.08	2.09	1.03, 4.23

*Odds ratio were adjusted for weight for height (z-score less than −2 SDs and z-score greater or equal to −2 SDs), breastfeeding in the prior week (exclusive, mixed, none), paternal education, age, and number of people living in the household (log transformed)

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