From: Low-level prenatal lead exposure and infant sensory function
Crude | Semi-adjustedb | Fully-adjustedc | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | β (95 % CI)d | N | β (95 % CI)d | N | β (95 % CI)d | |
ABR C-P ratio | ||||||
Mid-pregnancy lead | 304 | 292 | 292 | |||
High (>3.8 μg/dL) | 0.02 (−0.00–0.05)† | 0.02 (−0.01–0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01–0.05) | |||
Med. (2–3.8 μg/dL) | 0.02 (−0.01–0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01–0.05) | 0.02 (−0.01–0.05) | |||
Low (<2 μg/dL); Reference | p-trend = 0.09† | p-trend = 0.12 | p-trend = 0.13 | |||
Late-pregnancy lead | 315 | 304 | 304 | |||
High (>3.8 μg/dL) | 0.04 (0.02–0.07)** | 0.05 (0.02–0.08)*** | 0.05 (0.02–0.07)** | |||
Med. (2–3.8 μg/dL) | 0.03 (0.00–0.05)† | 0.03 (0.01–0.06)* | 0.03 (0.00–0.06)** | |||
Low (<2 μg/dL); Reference | p-trend = 0.002** | p-trend < 0.001*** | p-trend = 0.002** | |||
Cord lead | 277 | 267 | 267 | |||
High (>3.2 μg/dL) | 0.00 (−0.03–0.03) | 0.00 (−0.02–0.03) | 0.00 (−0.03–0.03) | |||
Med. (2–3.2 μg/dL) | −0.00 (−0.03–0.02) | −0.00 (−0.03–0.03) | −0.00 (−0.03–0.03) | |||
Low (<2 μg/dL); Reference | p-trend = 0.99 | p-trend = 0.81 | p-trend = 0.88 | |||
Grating VA | ||||||
Mid-pregnancy lead | 1000 | 990 | 961 | |||
High (>3.8 μg/dL) | 0.00 (−0.06–0.08) | −0.03 (−0.09–0.03) | −0.02 (−0.08–0.04) | |||
Med. (2–3.8 μg/dL) | 0.02 (−0.05–0.09) | 0.02 (−0.04–0.08) | 0.03 (−0.03–0.09) | |||
Low (<2 μg/dL); Reference | p-trend = 0.90 | p-trend = 0.36 | p-trend = 0.52 | |||
Late-pregnancy lead | 1019 | 1016 | 985 | |||
High (>3.8 μg/dL) | −0.12 (−0.19--0.05)** | −0.08 (−0.14--0.02)* | −0.09 (−0.15--0.02)** | |||
Med. (2–3.8 μg/dL) | −0.08 (−0.16--0.01)* | −0.07 (−0.13--0.01)* | −0.07 (−0.13--0.01)* | |||
Low (<2 μg/dL); Reference | p-trend = 0.002** | p-trend = 0.01* | p-trend = 0.009** | |||
Cord lead | 916 | 916 | 888 | |||
High (>3.2 μg/dL) | −0.02 (−0.10–0.05) | −0.03 (−0.09–0.03) | −0.03 (−0.10–0.03) | |||
Med. (2–3.2 μg/dL) | −0.05 (−0.12–0.02) | −0.05 (−0.11–0.01)† | −0.05 (−0.11–0.01)† | |||
Low (<2 μg/dL); Reference | p-trend = 0.45 | p-trend = 0.25 | p-trend = 0.22 |