Table 3 Demographics and metal exposures of study population, stratified by stunting status
From: Stunting is associated with blood lead concentration among Bangladeshi children aged 2-3 years
Total Population (n = 618) | ||
|---|---|---|
Stunted (n = 324) | Not Stunted (n = 294) | |
Demographics | Number (%) | |
Sex | ||
Male | 159 (49.1) | 148 (50.3) |
Female | 165 (50.9) | 146 (49.7) |
Stunting Status | ||
Stunted | 324 (52.4) | – |
Not Stunted | – | 294 (47.6) |
Child Smoke Exposure | ||
Exposed | 125 (38.6) | 135 (45.9) |
Not Exposed | 199 (61.4) | 159 (54.1) |
Mother's education | ||
Primary or Less | 170 (52.5) | 115 (39.1) |
Secondary or Greater | 154 (47.5) | 179 (60.9) |
Mother's Protein | ||
Low | 101 (31.2) | 38 (12.9) |
Medium | 168 (51.9) | 168 (57.1) |
High | 55 (17.0) | 88 (29.9) |
Mean (SD) | ||
Birth Gestational Age (weeks) | 38.0 (2.0) | 37.9 (2.0) |
Missing | 2 | 0 |
Age (months) | 28.1 (2.9) | 28.0 (2.9) |
Mother's Weight at Enrollment (kg) | 46.0 (7.4) | 47.2 (7.8) |
Mother's Height (cm) | 150.4 (5.6) | 152.4 (5.5) |
Child's Birth Weight (kg) | 2.9 (0.4) | 2.9 (0.4) |
Child's Birth Length (cm) | 46.2 (2.7) | 46.9 (2.0) |
HOME Score | 42.7 (2.5) | 42.7 (2.7) |
Missing | 1 | 0 |
Maternal Depression | 15.0 (2.9) | 15.4 (2.8) |
Missing | 141 | 132 |
Heavy Metal Exposures | Mean (SD) | |
Umbilical Cord Blood Lead (μg/dL) | 5.1 (5.2) | 4.9 (7.8) |
Blood Lead 20–40 months (μg/dL) | 6.2 (5.0) | 4.6 (4.1) |
Average Water Arsenic (μg/L) | 48.7 (88.0) | 68.1 (130.7) |
Average Water Manganese (μg/L) | 813.3 (582.1) | 745.1 (554.6) |