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Table 3 Effect Modification of the 4 Year Moving Average PM2.5-Incident ED Associationa

From: Erectile dysfunction and exposure to ambient air pollution in a nationally representative cohort of older men

Effect Modifier

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

Obesity

BMI <30 kg/m2

1.14 (0.88, 1.46)

BMI ≥30 kg/m2

0.92 (0.74, 1.14)

CRP

Low (<1 mg/L)

1.19 (0.92, 1.52)

Elevated (≥1 mg/L)

0.92 (0.75, 1.14)

Diabetes

No

1.13 (0.86, 1.48)

Yes

0.94 (0.74, 1.19)

Hypertension

No

1.16 (0.91, 1.48)

Yes

1.03 (0.85, 1.24)

Depression

No

1.13 (0.84, 1.52)

Yes

0.95 (0.73, 1.23)

Exercise

None

1.16 (0.90, 1.49)

≥1 times/week

1.03 (0.83, 1.27)

Current smoker

No

1.19 (0.89, 1.61)

Yes

1.04 (0.80, 1.35)

  1. aResults for Wave 2 with imputed data; Incident ED is defined as men who either replied yes to ED question or reported ED medication usage in Wave 2; the comparison group of men without ED replied no to the ED question and ED medication use in both waves; logistic model includes adjustment for age, geographic region, ethnic group, education (<H.S., H.S., College), current smoking status, obesity, diabetes, depression, season, median household income; Reference group is PM2.5 4 year moving average exposures (IQR =3.12 μg/m3)
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X