Monitoring urban beaches with qPCR vs. culture measures of fecal indicator bacteria: Implications for public notification

Table 1 Studies of qPCR and culture measures of FIB, sorted by timing of the qPCR analyses and whether the data analyses considered policy-relevant threshold values and timeframes

	qPCR analyses
Measures of association between qPCR and FIB culture results	Archived samples analyzed	Analyzed in real-time, results not used for public notification	Analyzed in real-time, results, used for same-day notification
Day0 qPCR and Day0 culture measures of FIB as continuous variables (correlation, linear regression analysis)	[11, 13, 14, 26,27,28,29,30]	[17, 31, 32]	[6, 15, 16]
Day0 qPCR and Day0 culture measures of FIB as dichotomous measures (such as BAV exceedance), agreement due to chance not addressed	[11, 13, 14, 29, 30]^a	[17, 31, 32]^a	[15, 16]^a
Day1 qPCR and Day0 culture measures of FIB as dichotomous categories (such as BAV exceedance), agreement due to chance not addressed
Day1 qPCR and Day0 culture measures of FIB as dichotomous categories (such as BAV exceedance), agreement due to chance addressed			Present study of Chicago beaches

^a A threshold for qPCR different than the current BAV of 1000 CCE/10 mL appears to have been used