Table 1 Characteristics of the study population by childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) status
All (N = 687) | Non-eczema (N = 514) | Eczema (N = 173) | Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of atopic dermatitis | 173 (25.2) | |||
Parental characteristics | ||||
Maternal age (years) | 29.3 ± 3.8 | 29.2 ± 3.9 | 29.4 ± 3.5 | 0.82 |
< 25 | 48 (7.0) | 38 (7.4) | 10 (5.8) | |
25–30 | 347 (50.5) | 261 (50.8) | 86 (49.7) | |
30–35 | 226 (32.9) | 165 (32.1) | 61 (35.3) | |
≥ 35 | 66 (9.6) | 50 (9.7) | 16 (9.2) | |
Paternal age (years) | 31.7 ± 4.5 | 31.5 ± 4.4 | 32.1 ± 4.7 | 0.12 |
< 25 | 15 (2.2) | 10 (2.0) | 5 (2.9) | |
25–30 | 228 (33.2) | 173 (33.7) | 55 (31.8) | |
30–35 | 294 (42.8) | 229 (44.6) | 65 (37.6) | |
≥ 35 | 150 (21.8) | 102 (19.8) | 48 (27.8) | |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | 21.5 ± 3.6 | 21.4 ± 3.6 | 21.8 ± 3.6 | 0.67 |
< 18.5 | 111 (16.2) | 87 (16.9) | 24 (13.9) | |
18.5–25 | 487 (70.9) | 363 (70.6) | 124 (71.7) | |
25–30 | 68 (9.9) | 50 (9.7) | 18 (10.4) | |
≥ 30 | 21 (3.0) | 14 (2.7) | 7 (4.0) | |
Maternal education | ||||
High school or lower | 97 (14.1) | 78 (15.2) | 19 (11.0) | 0.38 |
College | 529 (77.0) | 390 (75.9) | 139 (80.3) | |
Postgraduate or higher | 61 (8.9) | 46 (8.9) | 15 (8.7) | |
Paternal education | ||||
High school or lower | 93 (13.5) | 70 (13.6) | 23 (13.3) | 0.57 |
College | 503 (73.2) | 380 (73.9) | 123 (71.1) | |
Postgraduate or higher | 91 (13.3) | 64 (12.5) | 27 (15.6) | |
Family history of allergic disorders | ||||
Yes | 143 (20.8) | 94 (18.3) | 49 (28.3) | 0.02 |
No | 533 (77.6) | 412 (80.2) | 121 (69.9) | |
Unknown | 11 (1.6) | 8 (1.5) | 3 (1.7) | |
Maternal smoking | 0.31 | |||
Yes | 3 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 0 (0) | |
No | 679 (99.6) | 507 (99.4) | 172 (100) | |
Parental smoking | ||||
Yes | 215 (31.5) | 167 (32.7) | 48 (28.1) | 0.26 |
No | 467 (68.5) | 344 (67.3) | 123 (71.9) | |
Maternal alcohol intake | ||||
Yes | 13 (1.9) | 12 (2.3) | 1 (0.6) | 0.15 |
No | 671 (98.1) | 501 (97.7) | 170 (99.4) | |
Newborn characteristics | ||||
Infant sex | ||||
Male | 357 (52.1) | 260 (50.6) | 97 (56.7) | 0.16 |
Female | 328 (47.9) | 254 (49.4) | 74 (43.3) | |
Birth weight (g) | 3388 ± 469 | 3377 ± 482 | 3423 ± 428 | 0.52 |
< 2500 | 18 (2.6) | 15 (2.9) | 3 (1.7) | |
2500–4000 | 608 (88.5) | 451 (87.7) | 157 (90.8) | |
≥ 4000 | 61 (8.9) | 48 (9.36) | 13 (7.5) | |
Gestational age (weeks) | 38.8 ± 1.3 | 38.8 ± 1.4 | 38.8 ± 1.1 | 0.18 |
≤ 37 | 54 (7.9) | 45 (8.8) | 9 (5.2) | |
38 | 192 (28.0) | 139 (27.0) | 53 (30.6) | |
39 | 261 (38.0) | 187 (36.4) | 74 (42.8) | |
40 | 137 (19.9) | 110 (21.4) | 27 (15.6) | |
41 | 43 (6.3) | 33 (6.4) | 10 (5.8) | |
Mode of delivery | ||||
Caesarean section | 517(75.4) | 389 (75.7) | 128 (74.4) | 0.74 |
Vaginal delivery | 169 (24.6) | 125 (24.3) | 44 (25.6) | |
Parity | ||||
Nulliparous | 626 (91.2) | 462 (89.9) | 164 (95.4) | 0.03 |
Parous | 60 (8.8) | 52 (10.1) | 8 (4.6) | |
Breastfeeding | ||||
Yes | 553 (80.5) | 402 (78.2) | 151 (87.3) | 0.03 |
No | 28 (4.1) | 22 (4.3) | 6 (3.5) | |
Unknown | 106 (15.4) | 90 (17.5) | 16 (9.3) | |