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Table 4 Estimated additional weight (kg) change associated with phthalate biomarker concentrations, among controls only (N=660)

From: Urinary concentrations of phthalate biomarkers and weight change among postmenopausal women: a prospective cohort study

Phthalate Biomarkers, ng/mL

Adjusteda β (95% CI)

Year 3

Year 6

MEP

 2.80 - 33.10

ref

ref

 33.20 - 67.90

0.07 (-1.35-1.49)

-0.13 (-1.59-1.33)

 68.10 - 159.00

-0.28 (-1.71-1.16)

-0.75 (-2.23-0.72)

 161.00 - 26000.00

2.32 (0.93-3.72)

1.04 (-0.38-2.47)

 P trend

0.001

0.15

MBP

 0.28 - 12.00

ref

ref

 12.10 - 23.60

-0.52 (-1.98-0.95)

0.03 (-1.48-1.54)

 23.70 - 46.70

0.30 (-1.11-1.72)

0.50 (-0.96-1.96)

 46.80 - 3600.00

1.24 (-0.22-2.50)

0.70 (-0.69-2.10)

 P trend

0.05

0.26

MHBP

 0.28 - 0.90

ref

ref

 1.00 - 1.90

-0.11 (-1.55-1.34)

0.33 (-1.16-1.82)

 2.00 - 3.90

0.62 (-0.78-2.02)

-0.02 (-1.45-1.42)

 4.00 - 490.00

1.04 (-0.30-2.28)

0.92 (-0.44-2.29)

 P trend

0.09

0.23

ΣDBP, μmol/L

 0.002 - 0.065

ref

Ref

 0.0652 - 0.132

-0.20 (-1.59-1.19)

-0.20 (-1.63-1.23)

 0.133 - 0.264

1.06 (-0.32-2.43)

0.56 (-0.86-1.97)

 0.265 - 18.255

0.84 (-0.54-2.22)

0.61 (-0.81-2.03)

 P trend

0.11

0.29

MiBP

 0.14 - 1.00

ref

ref

 1.10 - 2.10

-0.48 (-1.83-0.87)

0.12 (-1.27-1.51)

 2.20 - 4.10

0.49 (-0.88-1.85)

-0.48 (-1.88-0.92)

 4.20 - 212.00

-0.27 (-1.63-1.10)

-0.37 (-1.77-1.03)

 P trend

0.99

0.48

MHiBP

 0.28 - 0.40

ref

ref

 0.50 - 0.80

0.28 (-1.06-1.62)

0.79 (-0.59-2.17)

 0.90 - 1.60

-0.34 (-1.71-1.04)

-0.61 (-2.02-0.81)

 1.70 - 91.70

1.98 (0.62-3.33)

1.12 (-0.26-2.50)

 P trend

0.02

0.33

ΣDiBP, μmol/L

 0.002 - 0.0057

ref

ref

 0.006 - 0.0123

0.15 (-1.24-1.54)

1.01 (-0.43-2.44)

 0.0124 - 0.0247

-0.10 (-1.46-1.27)

-0.14 (-1.54-1.27)

 0.0248 - 1.339

0.95 (-0.44-2.34)

0.15 (-1.28-1.57)

 P trend

0.24

0.81

MBzP

 0.40 - 5.90

ref

ref

 6.00 - 12.00

-0.14 (-1.55-1.26)

-0.04 (-1.49-1.41)

 12.10 - 22.20

-0.44 (-1.87-0.98)

-0.06 (-1.54-1.42)

 22.30 - 3590.00

0.94 (-0.47-2.35)

-0.45 (-1.91-1.01)

 P trend

0.24

0.54

MCPP

 0.14 - 1.70

ref

Ref

 1.80 - 3.00

0.30 (-1.13-1.73)

0.38 (-1.10-1.86)

 3.10 - 5.40

-0.65 (-2.07-0.77)

-0.64 (-2.10-0.82)

 5.50 - 108.00

0.71 (-0.67-2.10)

-0.13 (-1.55-1.30)

 P trend

0.46

0.62

MEHP

 0.35 - 0.90

ref

ref

 1.00 - 1.90

0.34 (-1.07-1.75)

-0.15 (-1.60-1.31)

 2.00 - 4.10

0.70 (-0.65-2.04)

0.54 (-0.84-1.91)

 4.20 - 367.00

-0.24 (-1.66-1.19)

0.41 (-1.66-1.19)

 P trend

0.96

0.44

MEHHP

 0.60 - 9.20

ref

ref

 9.30 - 17.10

-0.25 (-1.67-1.17)

-0.25 (-1.71-1.21)

 17.20 - 33.00

-0.16 (-1.51-1.18)

0.05 (-1.77-1.07)

 33.20 - 2830.00

1.06 (-0.32-2.44)

-0.35 (-1.77-1.07)

 P trend

0.17

0.73

MEOHP

 0.20 - 5.80

ref

ref

 5.90 - 10.60

0.15 (-1.26-1.56)

-0.11 (-1.57-1.36)

 10.70 - 20.40

0.23 (-1.13-1.59)

0.21 (-1.18-1.60)

 20.50 - 1610.00

1.44 (0.07-2.80)

0.15 (-1.25-1.55)

 P trend

0.05

0.76

MECPP

 1.10 - 12.90

ref

ref

 13.00 - 22.60

0.58 (-0.81-1.98)

0.88 (-0.55-2.32)

 22.70 - 41.50

-0.09 (-1.43-1.25)

0.12 (-1.26-1.50)

 41.60 - 2460.00

1.26 (-0.14-2.66)

-0.09 (-1.52-1.35)

 P trend

0.17

0.73

ΣDEHP, μmol/L

 0.008 - 0.1007

ref

ref

 0.1008 - 0.1827

-0.20 (-1.59-1.18)

-0.30 (-1.73-1.13)

 0.1828 - 0.341

-0.01 (-1.37-1.34)

0.07 (-1.32 -1.46)

 0.343 - 24.419

1.02 (-0.39-2.43)

-0.41 (-1.87-1.04)

 P trend

0.18

0.71

MCOP

 0.14 - 2.10

ref

ref

 2.20 - 3.60

0.37 (-0.98-1.72)

0.71 (-0.68-2.11)

 3.70 - 6.50

0.23 (-1.20-1.66)

-0.72 (-2.20-0.75)

 6.60 - 239.00

-1.17 (-2.54-0.21)

-0.50 (-1.92-0.92)

 P trend

0.09

0.25

MCNP

 0.14 - 1.50

ref

ref

 1.60 - 2.60

-0.36 (-1.75-1.03)

-0.11 (-1.54-1.33)

 2.70 - 4.70

-0.09 (-1.49-1.32)

0.11 (-1.35-1.56)

 4.80 - 91.60

-0.39 (-1.77-0.98)

-1.03 (-2.46-0.39)

 P trend

0.65

0.17

  1. Abbreviations used: CI confidence interval, MEP monoethyl phthalate, MBP monobutyl phthalate, MHBP mono-hydroxybutyl phthalate, DBP dibutyl phthalate, MiBP mono-isobutyl phthalate, phthalate MHiBP mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate, DiBP di-isobutyl phthalate, MBzP monobenzyl phthalate, MCPP mono(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate, MEHP mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, MEHHP mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate, MEOHP mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl), DEHP di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, MECPP mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, MCOP mono-carboxyoctyl phthalate, MCNP mono-carboxynonyl phthalate
  2. aAdjusted for creatinine, age, ethnicity, alcohol use, physical activity, smoking status, healthy eating index, dietary energy intake, hormone replacement therapy use, education, income, and history of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases