Long-term exposure to air pollution and hospitalization for dementia in the Rome longitudinal study

Table 4 Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and overall dementia and dementia subtypes

Characteristics	Dementia			Vascular dementia			Alzheimer’s disease			Senile dementia
	N = 21,548			N = 7500			N = 7671			N = 7835
	HR ^a	95%CI		HR ^a	95%CI		HR ^a	95%CI		HR ^a	95%CI
PM₁₀ (10 μg/m³)	1.00	0.98	1.03	1.06	1.02	1.10	0.95	0.91	0.99	0.98	0.94	1.02
Coarse PM(5 μg/m³)	0.98	0.96	1.00	1.06	1.03	1.09	0.91	0.87	0.94	0.97	0.93	1.00
PM_2.5 (5 μg/m³)	0.99	0.96	1.02	1.07	1.01	1.12	0.91	0.85	0.97	0.98	0.92	1.03
PM_2.5 abs (10⁻⁵/m)	1.00	0.98	1.03	1.15	1.10	1.19	0.91	0.86	0.96	0.93	0.88	0.98
NO₂ (10 μg/m³)	0.97	0.96	0.99	1.05	1.03	1.07	0.91	0.89	0.94	0.96	0.94	0.98
NOx (20 μg/m³)	1.01	1.00	1.02	1.08	1.06	1.10	0.96	0.94	0.98	0.99	0.97	1.01
O₃ (10μg/m³)	1.06	1.03	1.08	1.02	0.98	1.06	0.98	0.95	1.02	1.19	1.15	1.24
Distance to HTR (m)
< 50	1.01	0.97	1.06	1.17	1.10	1.24	0.97	0.90	1.04	0.90	0.83	0.97
50–100	0.98	0.93	1.02	1.11	1.03	1.19	0.96	0.89	1.04	0.88	0.80	0.95
101–200	0.99	0.95	1.03	1.10	1.03	1.17	0.99	0.92	1.05	0.87	0.80	0.93
201–300	1.00	0.95	1.04	1.02	0.94	1.09	1.00	0.93	1.08	0.94	0.87	1.02
> 300	1.00	ref.		1.00	ref.		1.00	ref.		1.00	ref.
p-trend ^b	0.827			< 0.001			0.206			0.001

^a Models adjusted for age, education, place of birth, marital status, area-based socioeconomic position with baseline hazard function stratified by sex
^b Wald test across categories of exposure

ISSN: 1476-069X