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Table 6 Weighted Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) of Respiratory Symptom by Urinary Arsenic Concentration (N = 2132)

From: Low-moderate arsenic exposure and respiratory in American Indian communities in the Strong Heart Study

 

Inorganic Plus Methylated Arsenic Species μg/g creatinine

P-trendb

Tertile 1

≤7.0a

Tertile 2

7.1–13.9a

Tertile 3

≥14.0a

75th vs. 25th Percentile

Coughc/No cough

191/690

169/555

116/406

476/1651

 

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.87 (0.70, 1.09)

0.69 (0.51, 0.93)

0.82 (0.69, 0.98)

0.03

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.86 (0.69, 1.06)

0.64 (0.48, 0.87)

0.79 (0.66, 0.93)

0.006

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

0.84 (0.68, 1.05)

0.63 (0.47, 0.86)

0.78 (0.65, 0.93)

0.005

 Model 4

1.00 (Ref)

0.84 (0.68, 1.05)

0.63 (0.46, 0.85)

0.77 (0.65, 0.92)

0.004

Cough 4–6x per dayd/No

114/768

111/614

79/446

304/1828

 

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

0.97 (0.73, 1.28)

0.86 (0.59, 1.26)

0.96 (0.78, 1.18)

0.71

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

0.94 (0.71, 1.24)

0.79 (0.54, 1.16)

0.91 (0.73, 1.12)

0.36

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

0.94 (0.71, 1.25)

0.80 (0.54, 1.17)

0.92 (0.74, 1.13)

0.44

 Model 4

1.00 (Ref)

0.94 (0.71, 1.25)

0.81 (0.55, 1.18)

0.93 (0.75, 1.15)

0.48

Phlegme/No

117/765

114/611

70/455

301/1831

 

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.19 (0.95, 1.49)

1.06 (0.77, 1.47)

1.09 (0.90, 1.31)

0.37

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.16 (0.93, 1.46)

0.99 (0.71, 1.37)

1.03 (0.86, 1.25)

0.71

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.18 (0.94, 1.49)

1.01 (0.73, 1.41)

1.05 (0.87, 1.27)

0.57

 Model 4

1.00 (Ref)

1.18 (0.94, 1.48)

1.01 (0.72, 1.40)

1.05 (0.87, 1.27)

0.59

Shortness of breathf/No

369/503

363/355

243/275

975/1133

 

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.16 (0.98, 1.37)

0.90 (0.72, 1.13)

1.02 (0.88, 1.17)

0.81

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.16 (0.98, 1.37)

0.88 (0.70, 1.11)

1.00 (0.87, 1.15)

0.97

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.17 (0.98, 1.39)

0.93 (0.73, 1.18)

1.08 (0.93, 1.23)

0.34

 Model 4

1.00 (Ref)

1.18 (0.99, 1.40)

0.94 (0.74, 1.20)

1.08 (0.94, 1.25)

0.28

Stop for breathg/No

101/781

151/574

103/422

355/1777

 

 Model 1

1.00 (Ref)

1.67 (1.35, 2.07)

1.56 (1.18, 2.06)

1.33 (1.11, 1.59)

0.002

 Model 2

1.00 (Ref)

1.66 (1.34, 2.05)

1.52 (1.14, 2.01)

1.30 (1.08, 1.55)

0.005

 Model 3

1.00 (Ref)

1.76 (1.42, 2.19)

1.68 (1.26, 2.24)

1.41 (1.19, 1.69)

< 0.001

 Model 4

1.00 (Ref)

1.76 (1.41, 2.19)

1.64 (1.23, 2.20)

1.40 (1.17, 1.67)

< 0.001

  1. Model 1: adjusted for age, sex, education, site
  2. Model 2: further adjusted for smoking status and smoking pack-year
  3. Model 3: further adjusted for eGFR, tuberculosis, and BMI
  4. Model 4: sensitivity analysis: further adjusted for diabetes
  5. aTertiles are range; calculated based on overall population; sum of inorganic and methylated species μg/g creatinine
  6. bP-trend calculated modeling log-arsenic as continuous
  7. cDo you usually have a cough?
  8. dDo you usually cough as much as 4–6 times/day, 4 or more days/week?
  9. eDo you usually bring up phlegm when you cough?
  10. fAre you troubled by shortness of breath when hurrying on the level or walking up a slight hill?
  11. gDo you ever have to stop for breath while walking about 100 yards or a few minutes on the level?
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X