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Table 8 Generalized estimating equation analysis of ≥ 2 repeated measurements of pulmonary function over 4 years

From: Longitudinal follow-up of health effects among workers handling engineered nanomaterials: a panel study

 

Control

Risk Level 1

Risk Level 2

GEE analysis coefficient B(SE)

Model 1

Model 2

Variablesa

N

Mean ± SD

N

Mean ± SD

N

Mean ± SD

RL1*Time

RL2*Time

RL1*Time

FVC (%) 1st

34

104.36 ± 10.86

53

106.17 ± 13.26

46

104.54 ± 13.2

1.164 (0.071)

0.468 (0.715)

0.269 (0.356)

FVC (%) 2nd

74

110.53 ± 20.59

81

109.51 ± 14.51

68

110.02 ± 15.39

FVC (%) 3rd

73

106.18 ± 14.56

74

107.66 ± 12.05

72

104.48 ± 11.86

FVC (%) 4th

77

108.14 ± 17.74

67

110.75 ± 14.62

64

107.49 ± 13.07

FVC (%) 5th

65

106.06 ± 15.67

52

112.57 ± 15.93

57

107.94 ± 13.34

FEV1.0/FVC (%) 1st

34

79.91 ± 7.24

53

82.23 ± 5.5

46

81.32 ± 6.43

-0.269 (0.328)

-0.084 (0.332)

-0.05 (1.673)

FEV1.0/FVC (%)2nd

74

81.43 ± 6.54

81

81.59 ± 4.92

68

81.47 ± 5.78

FEV1.0/FVC (%) 3rd

73

80.49 ± 6.1

74

80.67 ± 5.45

72

82.02 ± 5.73

FEV1.0/FVC (%) 4th

77

79.46 ± 6.93

67

79.47 ± 5.43

63

78.87 ± 6.07

FEV1.0/FVC (%) 5th

65

80.34 ± 6.22

52

78.43 ± 5.56

57

79.57 ± 6.01

MMF (%) 1st

34

83.29 ± 27.74

53

88.53 ± 21.09

46

84.69 ± 22.79

0.737 (1.084)

0.694 (1.082)

0.346 (0.542)

MMF (%) 2nd

74

91.41 ± 25.02

81

87.84 ± 20.43

68

91.6 ± 27.21

MMF (%) 3rd

73

82.13 ± 22.35

74

83.45 ± 19.68

72

86.99 ± 21.13

MMF (%) 4th

78

81.63 ± 20.93

67

81.69 ± 20.38

64

79.1 ± 22.4

MMF (%) 5th

65

81.28 ± 21.85

52

79.7 ± 21.17

57

80.38 ± 22.13

PEFR (%) 1st

34

99.03 ± 19.79

53

102.48 ± 13.82

46

99.93 ± 14.53

0.663 (0.889)

0.746 (0.962)

0.413 (0.480)

PEFR (%) 2nd

74

101.91 ± 17.9

81

102.86 ± 18.56

68

105.52 ± 20.51

PEFR (%) 3rd

73

98.48 ± 15.69

74

105.89 ± 14.9

72

103.23 ± 16.68

PEFR (%) 4th

78

94.96 ± 17.81

67

104.76 ± 12.95

64

99.08 ± 18.79

PEFR (%) 5th

65

98.62 ± 15.35

52

104.23 ± 13.73

57

102 ± 20.13

  1. a. times of measurements (1st: at baseline; 2nd: at 6 months later; 3rd: at 18 months later; 4th: at 30 months later; 5th: at 42 months later)
  2. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: FVC) includes main effects of sex, smoking, allergic dermatitis, and education.
  3. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: FEV1.0/FVC (%)) includes main effects of age, sex, smoking, asthma, and arrhythmia.
  4. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: MMF (%)) includes main effects of sex, smoking, chronic bronchitis, and angina pectoris.
  5. Analytical Model (Dependent variable: PEFR (%)) includes main effects of sex, smoking, chronic bronchitis, and angina pectoris.
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X