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Table 3 Descriptive statistics for sleep outcome measures according to study sample

From: Fluoride exposure and sleep patterns among older adolescents in the United States: a cross-sectional study of NHANES 2015–2016

 

Overall

n = 512

N = 13,503,522

Plasma fluoride sample

n = 473

N = 12,531,822

Water fluoride sample

n = 419

N = 11,577,700

Sleep durationa; N (%)

 Less than recommended

3,912,903 (29.08)

3,616,486 (28.97)

3,519,194 (30.52)

 Recommended

7,763,278 (57.70)

7,181,883 (57.53)

6,549,336 (56.80)

 More than recommended

1,779,421 (13.22)

1,685,533 (13.50)

1461, 250 (12.67)

Sleep apnea symptoms; N(%)b

 Never

11,968,414 (89.81)

11,010,121 (89.11)

10,217,865 (89.51)

 At least 1 night per week

1,358,534 (10.19)

1,345,127 (10.89)

1,196,827 (10.49)

Snoring; N(%)c

 Never

7,564,062 (58.07)

6,919,753 (57.40)

6,602,728 (59.35)

 At least 1 night per week

5,462,602 (41.93)

5,135,211 (42.60)

4,521,444 (40.65)

Trouble sleeping; N(%)

Yes

1,874,575 (13.88)

1,764,264 (14.08)

1,629,889 (14.08)

No

11,628,947 (86.12)

10,767,558 (85.92)

9,947,810 (85.92)

Daytime sleepiness

 Never

1,307,017 (9.68)

1,185,750 (9.46)

1,120,797 (9.68)

 Rarely – 1 time a month

2,789,385 (20.66)

2,532,161 (20.21)

2,321,968 (20.06)

 Sometimes – 2-4 times a month

4,255,661 (31.52)

4,047,114 (32.29)

3,638,287 (31.43)

 Often – 5-15 times a month

4,104,292 (30.39)

3,912,334 (31.22)

3,596,810 (31.07)

 Almost always – 16-30 times a month

1,047,168 (7.75)

854,464 (6.82)

899,838 (7.77)

Wake time; Mean (SE)a

7.15 (0.09)

7.17 (0.10)

7.15 (0.09)

Bedtime; Mean (SE)a

4.00 (0.10)d

4.02 (0.11)

4.02 (0.11)

  1. Note. a There was one missing participant for this outcome; b Overall sample n = 505, plasma fluoride sample n = 466, and water fluoride sample n = 413 due to missing data on this variable. c Overall sample n = 493, plasma fluoride sample n = 454, and water fluoride sample n = 402 due to missing data on this variable
  2. dBedtime was rescaled such that the earliest bedtime (i.e. 7 pm) = 0 and the latest bedtime (i.e. 7 am) = 12; bedtime of 11 pm = 4; wake time was not rescaled and therefore the numeric time is presented. For example, 7.15 is equal to 7:09 am (i.e. the 7th hour and 0.15 of 60 min). Sampling weights were applied for calculation of all descriptive statistics. For water fluoride, mean (SE) and percentages remained the same following reweighting of sampling weights; therefore, frequencies of the sample prior to re-weighting are reported
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X