Table 1 Long-term chronic dietary exposure toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of glyphosate analyzed in this evaluation. Additional information on these studies is available in the Additional file 1
Study Reference | Duration (months) | Strain | Dietary exposure dose levels (mg/kg/day) | Animals per Group | Purity (%) | Comments on survival and weight | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mouse | Rat | ||||||
A: Knezevich and Hogan (1983) [11] | 24 | CD-1 | Â | M: 0, 157, 814, 4841 F: 0, 190, 955, 5874 | 50 | 99.8 | No survival differences, slight weight reduction in high dose (M) |
B: Atkinson et al. (1993) [12] | 24 | CD-1 |  | M: 0, 98, 297, 988 F: 0, 102, 298, 1000 | 50 | > 97.0 | No survival differences, no weight differences |
C: Sugimoto (1997) [13] | 18 | CD-1 |  | M: 0, 165, 838.1, 4348 F: 0, 153.2, 786.8, 4116 | 50 | 94.6–95.7 | No survival differences, slight weight reduction in mid (F) & high dose (M + F) |
D: Wood et al. (2009) [14] | 18 | CD-1 | Â | M: 0, 71.4, 234.2, 810 F: 0, 97.9, 299.5, 1081.2 | 51 | 95.7 | No survival differences, no weight differences |
E: Takahashi (1999a) [15] | 18 | CD-1 |  | M: 0, 167.6, 685, 7470 F: 0, 93.2, 909, 8690 | 50 | 97.5 | Reduced survival high dose (M), slight weight reduction in mid (M) & high dose (M + F). This study was only mentioned by JMPR [7] and provides limited tumor data. |
F: Kumar (2001) [16] | 18 | S-Aa |  | M: 0, 85.5, 285.2, 1077.4 F: 0, 104.5, 348.6, 1381.9 | 50 | > 95.0 | No survival differences, no weight differences |
G: Lankas (1981) [17] | 26 | Â | SDb | M: 0, 3.05, 10.3, 31.49 F: 0, 3.37, 11.22, 34.02 | 50 | 98.7 | No survival differences, no weight differences |
H: Stout and Ruecker (1990) [18] | 24 | Â | SDb | M: 89, 362, 940 F: 0, 113, 457, 1183 | 50 | 98.7 | No survival differences, slight weight reduction in high dose (F) |
I: Atkinson (1993) [19] | 24 |  | SDb | M: 0, 11, 112, 320, 1147 F: 0, 12, 109, 347, 1134 | 50 | 98.9 | No survival differences, slight weight reduction in high dose (M + F) |
J: Enemoto (1997) [20] | 24 |  | SDb | M: 0, 104, 354, 1127 F: 0, 115, 393, 1247 | 50 | 95.7 | Reduced survival high dose (M), slight weight reduction in high dose (M + F) |
K: Suresh (1996) [21] | 24 | Â | Wc | M: 0, 6.3, 59.4, 595.2 F: 0, 8.6, 88.5, 886 | 50 | 96.8 | No survival differences, no weight differences |
L: Brammer (2001) [22] | 24 |  | Wc | M: 0, 121, 361, 1214 F: 0, 145, 437, 1498 | 53 | 97.6 | High-dose survived longer (M), reduced weight highest dose (M + F) |
M: Wood et al. (2009) [23] | 24 |  | Wc | M: 0, 165, 838.1, 4348 F: 0, 153.2, 786.8, 4116 | 51 | 94.7–97.6 | No survival differences, no weight differences |