The impact of long-term PM2.5 exposure on specific causes of death: exposure-response curves and effect modification among 53 million U.S. Medicare beneficiaries

Table 1 Characteristics Medicare enrollees aged 65–120 Years, United States, from 2000 to 2008

Characteristic	ICD-10	Number	%
No. of enrollees		52,954,845
No. of ZIP Code		41,630
No. of Person-Month		3,743,349,849
No. of deaths
All Causes		15,843,982	100.0^a
Non-accidental	A-R	15,324,059	96.7
Accidental	V-Y	381,685	2.4
All Cardiovascular (CVD)	I00-I99	6,371,713	40.2
Ischemic heart disease (IHD)	I20-I25	3,323,527	21.0
Cerebrovascular disease (CBV)	I60-I69	1,147,050	7.2
Congestive heart failure (CHF)	I50	471,127	3.0
All Respiratory	J00-J99	1,777,076	11.2
COPD	J40-J44	944,665	6.0
Pneumonia	J12-J18	462,736	2.9
All Cancer	C-D	3,576,207	22.6
Lung cancer	C34	988,643	6.2

Abbreviations: COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
^a The numbers or the percentages from sub-causes of death do not sum to all causes of deaths or 100%, because additional other causes of death are not reported in this table

ISSN: 1476-069X