Table 2 All-age and age-standardized summary exposure values for occupational risk factors, 1990, and 2017 in China, with mean percentage change for 1990–2017
Occupational risks | All-age SEVs | Age-standardized SEVs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2017 | Percentage change (%) | 1990 | 2017 | Percentage change (%) | |
Asthmagens | 14.18 (11.46–17.52) | 13.35 (11.15–15.77) | −5.84(−19.48–10.57) | 14.15 (11.43–17.33) | 10.77 (9.04–12.74) | −23.89(−34.57--12.36) |
Ergonomic factors | 21.04 (19.22–22.91) | 16.62 (14.42–19.04) | −20.99(−32.18--9.47) | 20.97 (19.21–22.75) | 13.40 (11.66–15.30) | −36.10(−44.96--26.78) |
Carcinogens | ||||||
 Arsenic | 0.32 (0.13–0.55) | 0.55 (0.22–0.92) | 67.96 (54.02–83.30) | 0.35 (0.14–0.59) | 0.40 (0.16–0.67) | 12.88 (3.53–23.23) |
 Asbestos | 0.30 (0.22–0.43) | 0.70 (0.62–0.76) | 131.64 (52.45–229.15) | 0.43 (0.32–0.59) | 0.51 (0.45–0.56) | 20.10(−19.30–64.12) |
 Benzene | 0.50 (0.31–0.88) | 0.67 (0.40–1.19) | 34.52 (27.40–43.40) | 0.46 (0.28–0.82) | 0.57 (0.34–1.02) | 22.65 (16.16–30.74) |
 Beryllium | 0.09 (0.08–0.09) | 0.13 (0.13–0.13) | 51.82 (46.12–57.95) | 0.09 (0.09–0.09) | 0.09 (0.09–0.10) | 1.80(−1.99–5.95) |
 Cadmium | 0.17 (0.16–0.18) | 0.28 (0.26–0.31) | 67.92 (55.20–81.64) | 0.18 (0.18–0.19) | 0.21 (0.19–0.22) | 12.83 (4.22–22.04) |
 Chromium | 0.34 (0.32–0.35) | 0.60 (0.55–0.65) | 78.75 (63.86–94.15) | 0.36 (0.35–0.38) | 0.43 (0.40–0.47) | 20.18 (10.22–30.54) |
 DEE | 1.41 (1.36–1.46) | 2.41 (2.28–2.55) | 71.01 (60.03–82.29) | 1.52 (1.47–1.58) | 1.75 (1.65–1.85) | 14.92 (7.51–22.45) |
 Formaldehyde | 0.78 (0.74–0.81) | 1.02 (0.92–1.11) | 30.80 (18.62–44.18) | 0.73 (0.69–0.76) | 0.87 (0.79–0.94) | 19.28 (8.09–31.25) |
 Nickel | 0.36 (0.12–0.94) | 0.54 (0.18–1.42) | 51.27 (40.12–64.95) | 0.39 (0.13–1.01) | 0.39 (0.13–1.03) | 1.63(−5.88–10.79) |
 PAHs | 0.68 (0.65–0.70) | 1.19 (1.10–1.28) | 76.01 (61.72–90.71) | 0.73 (0.70–0.76) | 0.86 (0.80–0.93) | 18.33 (8.70–28.24) |
 Silica | 3.20 (1.68–6.99) | 4.49 (2.30–9.68) | 40.16 (29.8–51.94) | 3.45 (1.81–7.54) | 3.25 (1.67–7.01) | −5.75(−12.79–2.12) |
 Sulfuric acid | 0.76 (0.55–1.31) | 1.20 (0.86–2.12) | 58.34 (47.62–69.35) | 0.82 (0.59–1.41) | 0.87 (0.62–1.53) | 6.32(−0.87–13.70) |
 Trichloroethylene | 0.19 (0.18–0.19) | 0.34 (0.32–0.36) | 80.12 (69.16–93.03) | 0.20 (0.20–0.21) | 0.24 (0.23–0.26) | 21.05 (13.63–29.70) |
Noise | 8.11 (7.67–8.57) | 12.30 (11.75–12.95) | 51.73 (46.79–57.63) | 9.23 (8.73–9.83) | 9.24 (8.82–9.76) | 0.12(−2.85–3.28) |
PGFs | 8.30 (6.88–10.32) | 12.12 (10.08–14.70) | 46.09 (35.82–55.38) | 9.28 (7.72–11.42) | 9.18 (7.7–11.22) | −1.10(−4.69–2.89) |