Occupational risks | Deaths | Age-standardized death rate (per 100,000) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1990 | 2017 | Percentage change (%) | 1990 | 2017 | Percentage change (%) | |
Asthmagens | 3039 (1765–4108) | 792 (631–992) | −73.9(−82.0--49.8) | 0.30 (0.17–0.42) | 0.04 (0.03–0.05) | −87.1(−91.3--74.6) |
Carcinogens | 26,546 (20385–33,149) | 68,396 (53282–85,467) | 157.7 (121.5–200.4) | 3.00 (2.33–3.70) | 3.50 (2.75–4.35) | 16.8(− 0.1–36.8) |
 Arsenic | 1324 (514–2188) | 3725 (1402–6118) | 181.4 (149.0–218.6) | 0.14 (0.05–0.23) | 0.18 (0.07–0.29) | 29.9 (15.1–47.1) |
 Asbestos | 5796 (3962–8718) | 24,264 (16700–32,287) | 318.7 (185.4–451.4) | 0.78 (0.54–1.17) | 1.36 (0.94–1.81) | 73.6 (20.0–126.9) |
 Benzene | 380 (107–643) | 372 (108–625) | − 2.22(− 15.9–23.3) | 0.03 (0.01–0.05) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | −32.0(− 42.0--15.0) |
 Beryllium | 57 (47–68) | 149 (122–179) | 161.4 (132.5–188.4) | 0.01 (0.00–0.01) | 0.01 (0.01–0.01) | 20.7 (8.2–33.0) |
 Cadmium | 129 (109–150) | 364 (302–434) | 182.1 (148.9–219.8) | 0.01 (0.01–0.02) | 0.02 (0.01–0.02) | 30.2 (15.2–47.3) |
 Chromium | 244 (216–277) | 727 (625–830) | 197.5 (163.3–235.1) | 0.03 (0.02–0.03) | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) | 37.3 (21.8–54.1) |
 DEE | 2762 (2418–3125) | 8083 (6960–9319) | 192.7 (155.7–224.9) | 0.28 (0.25–0.32) | 0.38 (0.33–0.44) | 35.1 (18.6–49.7) |
 Formaldehyde | 408 (317–505) | 391 (306–494) | − 4.2(− 20.7–14.5) | 0.03 (0.03–0.04) | 0.02 (0.02–0.03) | − 41.1(− 49.9--31.6) |
 Nickel | 1488 (292–3334) | 3803 (762–8450) | 155.5 (126.1–188.6) | 0.15 (0.03–0.34) | 0.18 (0.04–0.40) | 18.0 (4.4–33.1) |
 PAHs | 852 (722–980) | 2500 (2092–2937) | 193.5 (157.4–231.2) | 0.09 (0.07–0.10) | 0.12 (0.10–0.14) | 35.5 (19.4–52.8) |
 Silica | 13,260 (8742–18,469) | 25,073 (14869–35,605) | 89.1 (51.3–123.9) | 1.46 (0.97–2.02) | 1.23 (0.74–1.73) | − 15.7(− 34.0–1.0) |
 Sulfuric acid | 419 (173–778) | 719 (301–1348) | 71.8 (56.5–91.2) | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 0.03 (0.01–0.06) | − 21.3(− 28.4--12.4) |
 Trichloroethylene | 4 (1–7) | 14 (3–26) | 285.4 (172.9–364.0) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 0.00 (0.00–0.00) | 81.1 (27.8–118.2) |
Injuries | 142,834 (120521–167,777) | 67,461 (57132–79,340) | −52.8(−61.9--41.0) | 11.95 (10.10–14.02) | 3.84 (3.25–4.52) | − 67.9(− 74.0--59.8) |
PGFs | 240,075 (197593–281,136) | 187,184 (148439–228,139) | −22.0(− 31.5--5.1) | 37.20 (29.5–44.73) | 11.36 (8.82–14.03) | − 69.5(− 72.5--63.2) |
All occupational risks | 412,493 (362216–461,292) | 323,833 (283780–369,061) | − 21.5(− 29.5--10.8) | 52.45 (44.51–60.48) | 18.74 (16.17–21.56) | − 64.3(− 67.5--59.3) |