Pesticide exposure and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among private pesticide applicators

Pardo, Larissa A.; Beane Freeman, Laura E.; Lerro, Catherine C.; Andreotti, Gabriella; Hofmann, Jonathan N.; Parks, Christine G.; Sandler, Dale P.; Lubin, Jay H.; Blair, Aaron; Koutros, Stella

doi:10.1186/s12940-020-00583-0

Environmental Health

Table 1 U.S. registration year and accuracy of self-reported pesticide duration history for 38 chemicals reported on the AHS Phase 3 follow-up questionnaire (n = 24,170)

From: Pesticide exposure and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among private pesticide applicators

Common name	Class	Phase 1 Take-home questionnaire^a	Date first registered in U.S.^b	Applicators reported pesticide use		Users with plausible responses^c
Common name	Class	Phase 1 Take-home questionnaire^a	Date first registered in U.S.^b	n	%	n	%
Herbicide
Acetochlor	Amide		1981–1994	2604	10.8	2557	98.2
Acifluorfen	Diphenyl ether	●	1980	321	1.3	317	98.8
Bromoxynil	Nitrile	●	1965	679	2.8	678	99.9
Clethodim	Cyclohexene oxime		1992	545	2.3	523	96.0
Clomazone	Oxazole	●	1985	316	1.3	307	97.2
Clopyralid	Pyridine/Aromatic acid		1987	1262	5.2	1252	99.2
Cloransulam-methyl	Triazolopyrimidine/Amide		1997	586	2.4	554	94.5
Dimethenamid	Amide		1991	748	3.1	725	96.9
Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl	Phenoxy		1985	551	2.3	548	99.5
Fluazifop-butyl	Phenoxy	●	1983	646	2.7	638	98.8
Flumetsulam	Amide/Triazolopyrimidine		1985	1095	4.5	1087	99.3
Fomesafen	Amide/Diphenyl ether		1987	660	2.7	656	99.4
Glufosinate-ammonium	Organophosphorous		1993	1726	7.1	1685	97.6
Imazaquin	Imidazolinone	●	1986	96	0.4	94	97.9
Isoxaflutole	Oxazole/Cyclopropylisoxazole		1998	975	4.0	902	92.5
Linuron	Urea	●	1966	48	0.2	48	100.0
Maleic hydrazide	Growth inhibitor/ Gametocides		1952	387	1.6	386	99.7
Mesotrione	Benzoylcyclohexanedione		2001	2243	9.3	1985	88.5
Nicosulfuron	Urea		1990	1693	7.0	1668	98.5
Picloram	Aromatic acid/ Pyridine		1964	2563	10.6	2558	99.8
Rimsulfuron	Urea		1994	1146	4.7	1117	97.5
Sethoxydim	Cyclohexene oxime	●	1982	438	1.8	429	97.9
Simazine	Triazine	●	1957	353	1.5	353	100.0
Sodium bentazon	Unclassified	●	1974/1975–1985	382	1.6	382	100.0
Thifensulfuron-methyl	Urea	●	1989	388	1.6	369	95.1
Triclopyr	Pyridine		1979	1440	6.0	1416	98.3
Insecticide
Acephate	Organophosphorous	●	1974	1197	5.0	1145	95.7
Bacillus thuringiensis	Unclassified	●	1961	200	0.8	198	99.0
Chloropicrin	Unclassified	●	1975	239	1.0	223	93.3
Cyfluthrin	Pyrethroid		1987	1849	7.6	1805	97.6
Disulfoton	Organophosphorous	●	1961	270	1.1	269	99.6
Dimethoate	Organophosphorous	●	1962	192	0.8	192	100.0
Endosulfan	Organochlorine	●	1954	203	0.8	203	100.0
Lambda-cyhalothrin	Pyrethroid		1989	876	3.6	867	99.0
Methomyl	Carbamate	●	1968	162	0.7	160	98.8
Tebupirimfos	Organophosphorous		1990–1995	1198	5.0	1148	95.8
Tefluthrin	Pyrethroid	●	1989	767	3.2	733	95.6
Nematicide
1, 3-dichloropropene	Fumigant	●	1954	158	0.7	158	100.0

^aFilled circle means chemical first appeared on take-home questionnaire; no circle means chemical first appeared on follow-up questionnaires (Phase 2/3)
^bRange of years presented for pesticides with evidence of use prior to established registration year; for duration of market availability calculations, the lower bound of years was used (for those with a range) and rounding to a 5- or 10-year increment was calculated occurred if it fell 1 year short of this increment
^cPlausible responses were those where total years reported were ≤ number of years calculated between Phase 3 completion year (2005–2010) and the official pesticide registration date

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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