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Table 2 Association between pesticide (ever/never use) and aggressive PCa for those pesticides first reported at the Phase 1 take-home (TH) questionnaire in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS)

From: Pesticide exposure and risk of aggressive prostate cancer among private pesticide applicators

Common name

Phase 1 take-home questionnaire only

(n = 20,923)

Phase 1 take-home questionnaire including follow-up (Phase 2/Phase 3 questionnaire) exposure informationb

Non-case

Aggressive PCa

HRa (95% CI)

Non-case

Aggressive PCa

HRa (95% CI)

Herbicide

 Acifluorfen

  Never use

16,626

744

1

13,371

621

1

  Ever use

3414

139

1.08 (0.90, 1.30)

3642

146

1.06 (0.89, 1.27)

 Bromoxynil

  Never use

14,609

628

1

11,557

523

1

  Ever use

5431

255

1.17 (0.99, 1.37)

5758

266

1.14 (0.96, 1.34)

 Clomazone

  Never use

16,850

756

1

13,471

632

1

  Ever use

3190

127

0.96 (0.79, 1.17)

3462

132

0.94 (0.78, 1.14)

 Fluazifop-butyl

  Never use

16,682

750

1

13,077

620

1

  Ever use

3358

133

1.07 (0.89, 1.29)

3909

149

1.01 (0.84, 1.21)

 Imazaquin

  Never use

17,052

770

1

13,880

646

1

  Ever use

2988

113

0.99 (0.81, 1.20)

3101

116

0.99 (0.81, 1.20)

 Linuron

  Never use

17,509

742

1

14,267

622

1

  Ever use

2531

141

1.19 (0.99, 1.42)

2548

143

1.19 (0.996, 1.43)

 Sethoxydim

  Never use

14,404

647

1

11,486

546

1

  Ever use

5636

236

1.12 (0.96, 1.30)

5835

239

1.07 (0.91, 1.24)

 Simazine

  Never use

18,454

803

1

14,922

671

1

  Ever use

1586

80

1.19 (0.94, 1.51)

1724

86

1.17 (0.93, 1.48)

 Sodium bentazon

  Never use

12,911

573

1

10,250

476

1

  Ever use

7129

310

1.08 (0.93, 1.25)

7332

317

1.06 (0.91, 1.23)

 Thifensulfuron-methyl

  Never use

18,108

821

1

14,355

668

1

  Ever use

1932

62

0.91 (0.70, 1.18)

2389

83

1.00 (0.79, 1.26)

Insecticide

 Acephate

  Never use

18,069

811

1

14,377

671

1

  Ever use

1971

72

1.06 (0.82, 1.39)

2427

85

1.00 (0.77, 1.29)

 Bacillus thuringiensis

  Never use

18,256

813

1

14,855

689

1

  Ever use

1784

70

1.00 (0.77, 1.29)

1904

71

0.93 (0.72, 1.20)

 Chloropicrin

  Never use

19,644

865

1

15,944

730

1

  Ever use

396

18

1.48 (0.92, 2.38)

566

20

1.21 (0.77, 1.91)

 Disulfoton

  Never use

18,332

815

1

14,927

684

1

  Ever use

1708

68

0.96 (0.74, 1.26)

1807

72

0.96 (0.74, 1.25)

 Dimethoate

  Never use

19,262

829

1

15,673

695

1

  Ever use

778

54

1.37 (1.04, 1.80)

870

55

1.29 (0.98, 1.70)

 Endosulfan

  Never use

19,407

860

1

15,777

722

1

  Ever use

633

23

0.85 (0.56, 1.30)

750

25

0.78 (0.51, 1.17)

 Methomyl

  Never use

18,532

827

1

15,133

698

1

  Ever use

1508

56

1.05 (0.78, 1.40)

1597

58

1.03 (0.77, 1.37)

 Tefluthrin

  Never use

18,635

828

1

14,805

684

1

  Ever use

1405

55

0.99 (0.75, 1.31)

1855

71

0.98 (0.76, 1.25)

Nematicide

 1, 3-dichloropropene

  Never use

19,172

848

1

15,669

716

1

  Ever use

868

35

1.14 (0.80, 1.62)

944

37

1.11 (0.78, 1.57)

Other

 Arsenical pesticidesc

  Never use

19,309

828

1

–

–

–

  Ever use

731

55

1.17 (0.88, 1.55)

–

–

–

  1. aUsing age as the time metric and adjusted for state, birth year, family history of PCa, race, and smoking status
  2. bNumbers add to less than total number of take-home responders (n = 20,923) due to missing responses for follow-up use information
  3. cArsenical pesticides consist of lead arsenate (insecticide), organic arsenic (herbicide), and inorganic arsenic (herbicide); only reported use reported on take-home questionnaire