Predictors and reproducibility of urinary organophosphate ester metabolite concentrations during pregnancy and associations with birth outcomes in an urban population

Table 5 Adjusted^a differences (95% confidence intervals) in birth outcomes per standard deviation increase in specific gravity-adjusted urinary organophosphate ester metabolite latent factors^b estimated using structural equation regression models

Characteristics	Birth length (cm)	Ponderal index (g/cm³)	Gestational age at delivery	BW-GA^c(z-score)
BCIPP	−0.22 (−1.36, 0.92)	−0.01 (−0.12, 0.09)	0.33 (−0.21, 0.88)	− 0.27 (− 0.64, 0.11)
BDCIPP	− 0.56 (− 1.52, 0.40)	0.06 (0.00, 0.12)	0.02 (− 0.44, 0.48)	− 0.12 (− 0.40, 0.16)
DPHP	−0.39 (− 1.12, 0.39)	0.06 (− 0.02, 0.14)	−0.09 (− 0.51, 0.33)	−0.01 (− 0.28, 0.27)
ip-PPP	0.04 (− 0.66, 0.74)	−0.03 (− 0.08, 0.02)	−0.25 (− 0.60, 0.11)	0.07 (− 0.17, 0.32)
tb-PPP	0.20 (− 0.88, 1.28)	0.00 (− 0.11, 0.10)	0.23 (− 0.38, 0.84)	−0.06 (− 0.45, 0.32)

Abbreviations: BCIPP Bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BDCIPP Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate; BW-GA Birth weight for gestational age; cm Centimeter; DPHP Diphenyl phosphate; g Grams; ip-PPP Isopropyl phenyl phenyl phosphate; tb-PPP Tert-butyl phenyl phenyl phosphate
^a Adjusted for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²), parity (nulliparous vs. parous), maternal education level (high school diploma or less vs. some college, vs. Bachelor’s degree or higher), maternal race (white vs. non-white), maternal age (in years)
^b Adjusted for time of sample collection (hours; centered at noon) and season (winter vs. other)
^c Birth weight for gestational age z-score based on 2017 US reference curves stratified by infant sex and maternal parity

ISSN: 1476-069X