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Table 3 Multivariable linear regression of indoor air pollutants and associated differences in cardiometabolic outcomes

From: Indoor air pollution concentrations and cardiometabolic health across four diverse settings in Peru: a cross-sectional study

Ā 

All Participants

Biomass Users

Not Biomass Users

Model

Estimate (95% CI)

Estimate (95% CI)

Estimate (95% CI)

Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)a

ā€ƒNumber of observations

488

237

251

ā€ƒPM2.5

1.51 (0.16, 2.86)*

1.49 (āˆ’0.14, 3.12)

1.08 (āˆ’2.85, 5.02)

ā€ƒCO

1.12 (āˆ’ā€‰0.55, 2.79)

1.50 (āˆ’ā€‰0.52, 3.52)

āˆ’1.72 (āˆ’5.70, 2.26)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: PM2.5

1.60 (āˆ’ā€‰0.18, 3.39)

1.22 (āˆ’ā€‰0.96, 3.40)

1.55 (āˆ’ā€‰2.49, 5.59)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: CO

āˆ’0.17 (āˆ’ā€‰2.38, 2.03)

0.50 (āˆ’ā€‰2.21, 3.20)

āˆ’2.07 (āˆ’6.16, 2.01)

Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)a

ā€ƒNumber of observations

488

237

251

ā€ƒPM2.5

1.39 (0.52, 2.25)*

0.86 (āˆ’ā€‰0.18, 1.91)

0.37 (āˆ’ā€‰2.13, 2.86)

ā€ƒCO

1.08 (0.01, 2.16)*

0.91 (āˆ’ā€‰0.39, 2.20)

āˆ’1.59 (āˆ’4.11, 0.92)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: PM2.5

1.42 (0.28, 2.56)*

0.67 (āˆ’ā€‰0.73, 2.07)

0.76 (āˆ’ā€‰1.80, 3.32)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: CO

āˆ’0.06 (āˆ’ā€‰1.48, 1.35)

0.35 (āˆ’1.38, 2.09)

āˆ’ā€‰1.77 (āˆ’ā€‰4.36, 0.82)

Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (ppm)b

ā€ƒNumber of observations

519

247

272

ā€ƒPM2.5

2.05 (0.52, 3.57)*

0.20 (āˆ’2.05, 2.46)

5.00 (1.58, 8.41)*

ā€ƒCO

1.75 (āˆ’ā€‰0.10, 3.60)

1.02 (āˆ’ā€‰1.24, 3.29)

āˆ’1.51 (āˆ’3.94, 0.91)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: PM2.5

1.90 (āˆ’ā€‰0.09, 3.89)

āˆ’0.93 (āˆ’ā€‰3.90, 2.05)

5.30 (1.81, 8.79)*

ā€ƒMultipollutant: CO

0.28 (āˆ’2.12, 2.68)

1.49 (āˆ’ā€‰2.07, 5.04)

āˆ’1.32 (āˆ’ā€‰4.72, 2.09)

C-reactive protein (mg/L)b

ā€ƒNumber of observations

556

260

296

ā€ƒPM2.5

āˆ’0.58 (āˆ’ā€‰1.24, 0.09)

āˆ’0.22 (āˆ’ā€‰0.98, 0.55)

āˆ’2.03 (āˆ’ā€‰3.96, āˆ’ā€‰0.10)*

ā€ƒCO

āˆ’0.25 (āˆ’ā€‰1.06, 0.57)

āˆ’0.10 (āˆ’ā€‰1.04, 0.84)

āˆ’0.13 (āˆ’ā€‰2.06, 1.79)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: PM2.5

āˆ’0.76 (āˆ’ā€‰1.64, 0.11)

āˆ’0.29 (āˆ’ā€‰1.32, 0.75)

āˆ’ā€‰2.08 (āˆ’ā€‰4.05, āˆ’ā€‰0.11)*

ā€ƒMultipollutant: CO

0.36 (āˆ’0.71, 1.42)

0.13 (āˆ’1.13, 1.39)

0.26 (āˆ’ā€‰1.70, 2.21)

Hemoglobin A1c %b

ā€ƒNumber of observations

549

260

289

ā€ƒPM2.5

āˆ’ā€‰0.05 (āˆ’ā€‰0.11, 0.01)

āˆ’0.05 (āˆ’ā€‰0.13, 0.02)

0.02 (āˆ’ā€‰0.15, 0.20)

ā€ƒCO

āˆ’0.05 (āˆ’ā€‰0.13, 0.02)

āˆ’0.08 (āˆ’ā€‰0.17, 0.02)

0.05 (āˆ’ā€‰0.12, 0.23)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: PM2.5

āˆ’0.03 (āˆ’ā€‰0.12, 0.05)

āˆ’0.02 (āˆ’ā€‰0.12, 0.08)

0.01 (āˆ’ā€‰0.17, 0.20)

ā€ƒMultipollutant: CO

āˆ’0.03 (āˆ’ā€‰0.13, 0.08)

āˆ’0.06 (āˆ’ā€‰0.19, 0.07)

0.05 (āˆ’ā€‰0.13, 0.23)

  1. aAdjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, high altitude, and household wealth
  2. bAdjusted for age, sex, BMI, high altitude, and household wealth
  3. *p-value <ā€‰0.05