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Table 3 Percent (%) difference in placental PBDE levels between molecular immunoreactivity groups for each biomarker within each placental region/cell type during mid-gestation (n = 62)

From: Association of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) levels with biomarkers of placental development and disease during mid-gestation

  

Wet-weight BDE-47 (ng/g)

Wet-weight ∑PBDE4 (ng/g)

Lipid-adjusted BDE-47 (ng/g lipid)

Lipid-adjusted ∑PBDE4 (ng/g lipid)

Immunoreactivity

n

% diff (95% CI)a

p-valueb

% diff (95% CI)a

p-valueb

% diff (95% CI)a

p-valueb

% diff (95% CI)a

p-valueb

Anchoring Villi (proximal)

ITGA1 < 25% (−)

48

Referent

0.616

Referent

0.433

Referent

0.813

Referent

0.724

 25–75% (−/+)

2

68 (−44, 403)

 

82 (−32, 385)

 

38 (−56, 331)

 

49 (− 46, 316)

 

  > 75% (+)

2

−16.(−72, 151)

 

−21 (−70, 110)

 

23 (−61, 283)

 

15 (−59, 221)

 

CHD5 < 25% (−)

11

Referent

0.502

Referent

0.404

Referent

0.441

Referent

0.357

 25–75% (−/+)

21

35 (−20, 130)

 

39 (−14, 125)

 

39 (−20, 142)

 

43 (−13, 136)

 

  > 75% (+)

21

13 (−34, 91)

 

21 (−25, 94.8)

 

11 (−36, 93)

 

19 (−28, 96)

 

MMP1 < 25% (−)

1

Referent

0.395

Referent

0.472

Referent

0.741

Referent

0.862

 25–75% (−/+)

30

109 (−51, 797)

 

56 (−58, 481)

 

69 (−64, 700)

 

26 (−69, 413)

 

  > 75% (+)

20

67 (−61, 626)

 

2 (−6, 375)

 

51 (−69, 627)

 

14 (−72, 371)

 

Anchoring Villi (distal)

ITGA1 < 25% (−)

38

Referent

0.759

Referent

0.837

Referent

0.599

Referent

0.739

 25–75% (−/+)

3

−19 (−68, 102)

 

4.1 (−54, 138)

 

−28 (−72, 83)

 

− 7.8 (− 61, 116)

 

  > 75% (+)

11

15 (−32, 94)

 

15 (−28, 85)

 

19 (−30, 104)

 

20 (−26, 95)

 

CHD5 < 25% (−)

9

Referent

0.670

Referent

0.550

Referent

0.662

Referent

0.542

 25–75% (−/+)

24

29 (−26, 125)

 

32 (−20, 120)

 

31 (−27, 135)

 

35 (−21, 128)

 

  > 75% (+)

20

17 (−34, 108)

 

19 (−29, 100)

 

19 (−35, 117)

 

21 (−30, 108)

 

MMP1 < 25% (−)

0

Referent

0.901

Referent

0.944

Referent

0.661

Referent

0.697

 25–75% (−/+)

25

−9.1 (−40, 37)

 

−6.2 (− 35, 36)

 

−18 (−47, 26)

 

−15 (−43, 24)

 

> 75% (+)

26

–

 

–

 

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

 

0.0 (0.0, 0.0)

 

Interstitial CTB

ITGA1 < 25% (−)

6

Referent

0.622

Referent

0.556

Referent

0.881

Referent

0.863

 25–75% (−/+)

24

−16 (−58, 66)

 

−17.1 (−55, 53)

 

−3.5 (−53, 98)

 

−4.4 (−49, 81)

 

  > 75% (+)

30

2.3 (−48, 101)

 

1.07 (−45, 85)

 

7.6 (−47, 117)

 

6.3 (−43, 99)

 

CHD5 < 25% (−)

8

Referent

0.032**

Referent

0.028**

Referent

0.018**

Referent

0.019**

 25–75% (−/+)

14

138 (26, 350)***

 

115 (22, 279)***

 

163 (37, 405)***

 

137 (33, 325)***

 

  > 75% (+)

38

63 (−6.6, 185)*

 

42 (−14, 133)

 

102 (14, 257)**

 

75 (5.3, 192)**

 

MMP1 < 25% (−)

2

Referent

0.372

Referent

0.350

Referent

0.693

Referent

0.727

 25–75% (−/+)

23

41 (−53, 324)

 

−0.38 (−63, 167)

 

36 (−57, 330)

 

−4.1 (− 66, 168)

 

  > 75% (+)

35

77 (−40, 425)

 

29 (−51, 242)

 

53 (−51, 376)

 

12 (−59, 208)

 

Endovascular CTB

ITGA1 < 25% (−)

6

Referent

0.303

Referent

0.211

Referent

0.518

Referent

0.386

 25–75% (−/+)

5

−30 (−73, 80)

 

−22 (−65, 73)

 

−9.3 (− 66, 145)

 

1.0 (−57, 135)

 

  > 75% (+)

18

−44 (−73, 16)

 

− 42 (−69, 7.2)*

 

−34 (− 69, 44)

 

− 31 (− 64, 32)

 

CHD5 < 25% (−)

8

Referent

0.256

Referent

0.175

Referent

0.145

Referent

0.151

 25–75% (−/+)

3

140 (−16, 590)

 

146 (−2.8, 521)*

 

134 (−21, 588)

 

139 (−8.3, 522)*

 

  > 75% (+)

31

42 (−24, 162)

 

23 (−29, 112)

 

82.4 (−3.2, 243)

 

59 (−9.5, 178)

 

MMP1 < 25% (−)

11

Referent

0.883

Referent

0.846

Referent

0.847

Referent

0.736

 25–75% (−/+)

20

12 (−40, 110)

 

1.1 (−42, 77)

 

8.0 (− 43, 106)

 

−2.8 (−45, 73)

 

  > 75% (+)

5

−6.6 (−6, 130)

 

−19 (−64, 83)

 

−16 (−67, 113)

 

−27 (− 68, 67)

 
  1. *p < 0.10. ** p < 0.05. *** p < 0.01. Significant and marginally significant results bolded
  2. aCalculated from bivariate censored regression models, where referent group included placental samples with trophoblast cells (identified as cytokeratin+ cells) that did not stain (−) or stained only minimally (0–25%) for antigen specific antibodies corresponding to each molecular biomarker
  3. bP-value from ANOVA test of mean difference in Ln PBDE level across three immunoreactivity groups