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Table 4 Distribution (%) of Drug Use Criteria Overall and According to Early Life Exposure to PCE Exposure

From: Drug use disorder following early life exposure to tetrachloroethylene (PCE)-contaminated drinking water: a retrospective cohort study

 

Overall

N = 618

Exposed

N = 363

Unexposed

N = 255

n

%

n

%

n

%

Drug Use Criteria

Hazardous use

66

10.7

43

11.9

23

9.0

Social/interpersonal problems related to use

29

4.7

20

5.5

9

3.5

Neglected major roles to use

29

4.7

21

5.8

8

3.1

Experienced withdrawal

50

8.1

29

8.0

21

8.2

Developed tolerance

54

8.7

34

9.4

20

7.8

Used larger amounts/longer

50

8.1

35

9.6

15

5.9

Repeated unsuccessful attempts to quit or control use

71

11.5

47

13.0

24

9.4

Much time spent using

59

9.6

38

10.5

21

8.2

Physical/psychological problems related to use

41

6.6

30

8.3

11

4.3

Activities given up to use

19

3.1

14

3.9

5

2.0

Developed craving

64

10.4

45

12.4

19

7.5