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Table 1 Main characteristics of subjects: demographic variables (age, sex); putative risk factors (smoking, diet, indoor, home, traffic, outdoor); genetic traits with modulating role (GSTM1, GSTT1), mediation variable (anti-B[a]PDE-DNA); outcomes (LTL and LmtDNAcn)

From: The effects of everyday-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on biological age indicators

FACTORS

STRATA

Number (row %)

Mean ± St Dev

Age (years)

  

41.90 ± 9.03

Sex

0 = Females

285 (52.6)

 

1 = Males

257 (47.4)

 

Smoking a

0 = Non- Ex-smokers

432 (79.7)

 

1 = Current smokers

110 (20.3)

 

Diet (times/year) b

  

46.8 ± 43.1

Indoor c

0 = not exposed

325 (60.2)

0.63 ± 0.87

1 = low

104 (19.4)

2 = medium

96 (17.9)

3 = high

14 (2.61)

Home

0 = Rural

154 (28.4)

 

1 = Urban

388 (71.6)

 

Traffic

0 = Scarce / moderate

277 (51.1)

 

1 = Intense

265 (48.9)

 

Outdoor d

0 = <  4 h/day

443 (81.7)

 

1 = ≥4 h/day

99 (18.3)

 

GSTM1e

0 = (*0/*0)

296 (55.1)

 

1 = *1/*1 and *0/*1

241 (44.9)

 

GSTT1

0 = (*0/*0)

97 (18.1)

 

1 = *1/*1 and *0/*1

440 (81.9)

 

Anti-B[a]PDE-DNA f

  

1.35 ± 2.87

LTL

0 = below 0.896

271 (49.9)

1.00 ± 0.45

1 = equal /above 0.896

272 (50.1)

LmtDNAcn

  

1.13 ± 0.31

  1. aSmokers: current cigarette smokers were subjects smoking for at least 1 month before enrolment in the study
  2. bSubjects consuming charcoaled meat or pizza (times/year)
  3. c Sum of several factors: presence of fireplace or coal- or wood-stoves at home; hobbies with introduction of PAHs; exposure to passive smoking
  4. d Exposure to outdoor pollution
  5. e The absence of the specific GSTM1 fragment indicated the corresponding null genotype (*0/*0), and its presence corresponded to the *1/*1 and *0/*l genotypes
  6. f A value of 0.125 adducts/108 nucleotides was assigned to 299 participants (56%) with non-detectable adducts. Samples with ≥0.5 adduct/108 nucleotides were positive
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X