Fig. 1

Representative photographs of neutrophils (incubated without (1) or with BPA at a concentration of 16 nM (2)). Slides were stained using May–Grünwald and Giemsa stains. Neutrophils were counted manually in a light microscope. Magnification × 100. a–c Neutrophil ability of phagocytosis was assessed using Park’s test with latex beads. a Neutrophil in the first group with up to 10 latex beads in the cytoplasm. b Neutrophil in the second group with 11–30 latex beads in the cytoplasm. c Neutrophil in the third group with more than 30 latex beads in the cytoplasm. d Neutrophil ability of chemotaxis was evaluated using the Boyden chamber. Arrow indicates the cell that passed through the membrane pore, while arrow with star indicates the cell staying in the membrane pore. e and f Activity of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils was evaluated using the NBT test. e Neutrophil with formazan crystal in the spontaneous test. f Neutrophil with latex beads and formazan crystal in the cytoplasm in the stimulated test