Fig. 1
From: Severity of parkinsonism associated with environmental manganese exposure
Participating residents (N = 716) of Meyerton and Ethembalethu, Gauteng province, South Africa, 2016–2020. Eligible participants were aged ≥ 40, and able to provide informed consent. Eligible participants with neurologic co-morbidities, and those without a phase 2 clinical assessment and consequently did not have a UPDRS3 exam, were excluded.Abbreviations: UPDRS3 = Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale motor subsection part 3.