Table 4 Linear mixed models investigating associations between children’s neurodevelopment and prenatal methylmercury exposure, including the adjusted regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) (n = 454 observations)

Log₂ Maternal

Hair THg (μg/g)

−1.4

(−2.8, 0.11)

−1.1

(−2.7, 0.62)

−1.7

(−3.1, −0.26)*

− 1.2

(− 2.9, 0.43)

Log₂ Maternal

Hair THg (μg/g) × time (12 or 36 months)

0.89

(− 1.2, 3.0)

0.16

(− 2.5, 2.9)

0.91

(− 1.2, 3.0)

0.01

(− 2.7, 2.7)

 12 months

 36 months

−12

(− 15, −8.8)***

5.0

(1.0, 8.9)*

− 12

(− 15, −8.5)***

5.1

(1.1, 9.1)**

Maternal Age (yr)

−0.009

(− 0.17, 0.15)

− 0.08

(− 0.26, 0.11)

Fish consumption (servings/week)

NA

NA

 0 servings/week

 0 < servings/week < 2

1.7

(−0.34, 3.7)

0.89

(−1.4, 3.2)

  ≥ 2 servings/week

4.7

(1.4, 8.0)**

4.0

(0.23, 7.7)*

Maternal Rice Consumption

NA

NA

  < Daily

  ≥ Daily

−2.7

(−5.9, 0.58)

0.24

(−3.5, 3.9)

Maternal serum Zn

NA

NA

0.01

(−0.003, 0.03)

0.007

(−0.009, 0.02)

Log₂ Maternal

Blood Pb (μg/dL)

NA

NA

0.11

(−2.0, 2.2)

−0.95

(−3.3, 1.4)

Log₂ Maternal

Energy Intake (kcal)

NA

NA

1.7

(−0.31, 3.8)

2.3

(−0.07, 4.6)

Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI

NA

NA

 Underweight

 Normal Weight

3.2

(0.99, 5.4)**

2.6

(0.13, 5.1)*

 Overweight or Obese

2.1

(−0.73, 5.0)

2.6

(−0.64, 5.8)

Maternal Education Completed

NA

NA

  < High School

 High School

0.24

(−2.4, 2.9)

−0.89

(−3.9, 2.1)

 Some University

3.2

(−0.81, 7.1)

−0.39

(−4.9, 4.1)

Child Sex (1 = male)

NA

NA

−1.9

(−3.7, −0.04)*

−1.9

(−4.0, 0.13)

Primary Caregiver

NA

NA

 Mother

 Father

0.95

(−1.6, 3.5)

−0.89

(−4.0, 2.2)

 Grandparent

−2.9

(−5.2, −0.45)*

−2.3

(−5.2, 0.60)

Birth weight-for-gestational age

(z-score)

NA

NA

−0.18

(−1.3, 0.92)

0.64

(−0.60, 1.9)

Child’s age difference (months)

NA

NA

2.1

(0.69, 3.5)**

2.0

(0.30, 3.7)*