Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of the 103 participants by quartiles of PM gross β-activity
From: Ambient PM gross β-activity and glucose levels during pregnancy
First-trimester PM gross β-activity, 10− 4 Bq/m3 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total N = 103 | Q1 (1.5–1.7) N = 25 | Q2 (1.8–2.0) N = 26 | Q3 (2.0–2.2) N = 29 | Q4 (2.2–2.8) N = 23 | |
PM gross β-activity, 10− 4 Bq/m3 | 2.0 (0.3) | 1.6 (0.1) | 1.9 (0.1) | 2.1 (0.1) | 2.3 (0.2) |
PM2.5, μg/m3 | 6.9 (1.6) | 6.4 (1.1) | 6.8 (1.8) | 7.4 (1.6) | 7.0 (1.8) |
Temperature, °C | 11.2 (9.8) | 10.8 (7.9) | 8.7 (8.5) | 10.9 (9.9) | 14.9 (12.2) |
Age, years | 32.7 (4.6) | 33.0 (4.9) | 32.2 (3.9) | 33.5 (5.0) | 32.0 (4.7) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.9 (4.7) | 24.5 (3.4) | 25.1 (4.6) | 24.7 (5.0) | 25.3 (5.7) |
Highest educational attainment | |||||
High school/College | 48 (46.6%) | 10 (40.0%) | 13 (50.0%) | 14 (48.3%) | 11 (47.8%) |
Graduate school | 55 (53.4%) | 15 (60.0%) | 13 (50.0%) | 15 (51.7%) | 12 (52.2%) |
Race/ethnicity | |||||
White | 68 (66.0%) | 15 (60.0%) | 18 (69.2%) | 18 (62.1%) | 17 (73.9%) |
Non-White | 35 (34.0%) | 10 (40.0%) | 8 (30.8%) | 11 (37.9%) | 6 (26.1%) |
Prenatal insurance type | |||||
Private | 88 (85.4%) | 22 (88.0%) | 22 (84.6%) | 25 (86.2%) | 19 (82.6%) |
Other | 15 (14.6%) | 3 (12.0%) | 4 (15.4%) | 4 (13.8%) | 4 (17.4%) |
% Open space* | 1.2 (1.4) | 1.4 (1.8) | 0.7 (0.7) | 1.5 (1.9) | 1.0 (0.7) |
Median household income*, $K | 54.1 (16.8) | 54.5 (15.7) | 59.1 (18.3) | 46.8 (12.2) | 57.2 (18.9) |
Median value of owner-occupied housing*, $K | 308 (192) | 306 (191) | 357 (230) | 295 (187) | 270 (147) |