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Table 2 Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between CVD, stroke and CHD mortality and annual area-weighted average Ldn aircraft noise, between 2011 and 2016 around the Congonhas Airport in São Paulo, Brazil

From: Risk of cardiovascular mortality, stroke and coronary heart mortality associated with aircraft noise around Congonhas airport, São Paulo, Brazil: a small-area study

 

CVD

Stroke

CHD

Noise levels

RR

95% CI

p-trend

RR

95% CI

p-trend

RR

95% CI

p-trend

Basic Model *

  ≤ 50 dB

1

  

0.939

1

  

0.096

1

  

0.304

  > 50–55 dB

0.96

0.90

1.03

 

0.99

0.9

1.1

 

0.95

0.87

1.03

 

  > 55–60 dB

1.06

0.96

1.17

 

0.94

0.81

1.08

 

1.05

0.94

1.18

 

  > 60–65 dB

0.97

0.87

1.10

 

0.84

0.7

0.99

 

0.99

0.87

1.14

 

  > 65 dB

1.00

0.87

1.14

 

0.86

0.71

1.03

 

1.06

0.91

1.23

 

Adjusted Model **

  ≤ 50 dB

1

  

0.043

1

  

0.253

1

  

0.005

  > 50–55 dB

0.98

0.92

1.05

 

1.05

0.95

1.16

 

0.98

0.91

1.07

 

  > 55–60 dB

1.01

0.93

1.11

 

0.91

0.79

1.04

 

1.03

0.92

1.15

 

  > 60–65 dB

1.06

0.95

1.18

 

0.93

0.79

1.1

 

1.08

0.94

1.23

 

  > 65 dB

1.06

0.94

1.2

 

0.92

0.77

1.1

 

1.11

0.96

1.27

 

Sensitivity Analysis 1 (excl. Road traffic) ***

  ≤ 50 dB

1

  

0.087

1

  

0.21

1

  

0.02

  > 50–55 dB

1.00

0.94

1.07

 

1.07

0.97

1.18

 

1.00

0.92

1.09

 

  > 55–60 dB

1.05

0.96

1.15

 

0.94

0.82

1.07

 

1.07

0.96

1.19

 

  > 60–65 dB

1.09

0.97

1.22

 

0.96

0.81

1.13

 

1.1

0.97

1.26

 

  > 65 dB

1.08

0.96

1.22

 

0.93

0.78

1.11

 

1.13

0.98

1.31

 

Sensitivity Analysis 2 (incl. Modified MHDI 2010) ****

  ≤ 50 dB

1

  

0.029

1

  

0.263

1

  

0.002

  > 50–55 dB

0.98

0.91

1.04

 

1.04

0.95

1.15

 

0.97

0.9

1.06

 

  > 55–60 dB

1.01

0.92

1.1

 

0.9

0.79

1.03

 

1.02

0.91

1.14

 

  > 60–65 dB

1.05

0.94

1.17

 

0.92

0.78

1.09

 

1.06

0.93

1.21

 

  > 65 dB

1.05

0.93

1.19

 

0.91

0.76

1.09

 

1.10

0.95

1.27

 
  1. *Basic Model: adjusted for age and sex (direct standardization); ** Adjusted Model: Basic model + smoking proxy + standard MHDI 2010 + Black and Mixed ethnicity + Road traffic density; *** Sensitivity Analysis 1: Adjusted model excluding road traffic density, and ****Sensitivity Analysis 2: Adjusted model with the modified MHDI 2010 (i.e. excl. Life expectancy). Other models are described in Table S1, Additional File 2. Bolded, the statistically significant p-trend values (i.e. < 0.05)
  2. Note: CVD Cardiovascular Diseases; CHD Coronary Heart Diseases; RR relative Risk; CI Confidence Intervals