Table 1 Demographic and lifestyle characteristics by blood cadmium concentrations in 251 participants in the analysis
Mean ± SD or n (%) | Overall | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | 251 | 82 | 88 | 81 | Â |
Blood cadmium (µg/L; median [IQR]) | 0.30 (0.19–0.43) | 0.15 (0.12–0.19) | 0.30 (0.26–0.33) | 0.50 (0.44–0.68) |  |
Demographic factors | |||||
Age, year | 27.3 ± 8.2 | 25.7 ± 7.8 | 26.4 ± 7.5 | 29.9 ± 8.2 | 0.002 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 3.8 | 24.1 ± 3.8 | 24.1 ± 3.9 | 24.0 ± 3.8 | 0.984 |
Race | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.001 |
White | 149 (59) | 61 (74) | 50 (57) | 38 (47) | Â |
Black | 51 (20) | 15 (18) | 19 (22) | 17 (21) | Â |
Other | 51 (20) | 6 (7) | 19 (22) | 26 (32) | Â |
High school education or less | 31 (12) | 9 (11) | 11 (13) | 11 (14) | 0.862 |
Lifestyle factors | |||||
Physical activity | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.088 |
High | 139 (55) | 11 (13) | 5 (6) | 8 (10) | Â |
Moderate | 88 (35) | 21 (26) | 32 (36) | 35 (43) | Â |
Low | 24 (10) | 50 (61) | 51 (58) | 38 (47) | Â |
Current smoking | 10 (4) | 0 (0) | 3 (3) | 7 (9) | 0.011 |
Parous | 65 (26) | 18 (23) | 23 (27) | 24 (30) | 0.823 |
Oral contraceptive use | 136 (55) | 44 (54) | 50 (57) | 42 (53) | 0.959 |