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Table 5 Association of AA exposure with risk of NAFLD in non-smokers (n = 2620)

From: Associations of acrylamide with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in American adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study

  HbAA HbGA HbGA/HbAA
OR (95%CI) Ptrend OR (95%CI) Ptrend OR (95%CI) Ptrend
Model 1   0.006   0.111    < 0.001
Q1 (reference)       
Q2 0.80 (0.64–1.00)   0.93 (0.74–1.15)   1.86 (1.38–2.50)  
Q3 0.78 (0.58–1.05)   1.12 (0.93–1.34)   2.63 (1.93–3.59)  
Q4 0.57 (0.40–0.82)   1.20 (0.88–1.64)   3.42 (2.40–4.87)  
Model 2   0.004   0.205    < 0.001
Q1 (reference)       
Q2 0.79 (0.62–1.00)   0.93 (0.74–1.18)   1.85 (1.34–2.56)  
Q3 0.72 (0.52–0.99)   1.08 (0.87–1.34)   2.61 (1.85–3.68)  
Q4 0.54 (0.36–0.81)   1.18 (0.84–1.65)   3.64 (2.44–5.44)  
Model 3   0.014   0.325    < 0.001
Q1 (reference)       
Q2 0.79 (0.63–0.99)   0.79 (0.60–1.04)   1.77 (1.26–2.49)  
Q3 0.72 (0.52–0.99)   0.95 (0.76–1.18)   2.54 (1.71–3.75)  
Q4 0.57 (0.36–0.88)   1.08 (0.80–1.45)   3.31 (2.18–5.03)  
  1. Quartiles of HbAA: Q1, ≤ 35.00 pmol/g Hb; Q2, 35.00 < HbAA ≤ 44.20 pmol/g Hb; Q3, 44.20 < HbAA ≤ 55.60 pmol/g Hb; and Q4, > 55.60 pmol/g Hb
  2. Quartiles of HbGA: Q1, ≤ 30.30 pmol/g Hb; Q2, 30.30 < HbGA ≤ 41.00 pmol/g Hb; Q3, 41.00 < HbGA ≤ 55.50 pmol/g Hb; and Q4, > 55.50 pmol/g Hb
  3. Quartiles of HbGA/HbAA: Q1, ≤ 0.768; Q2, 0.768 < HbGA/HbAA ≤ 0.926; Q3, 0.926 < HbGA/HbAA ≤ 1.118; and Q4, > 1.118
  4. Model 1 was adjusted for demographic factors (age, gender, race/ethnicity, education levels, family PIR, and marital status)
  5. Model 2 was adjusted for model 1 plus total fat intake and total energy intake
  6. Model 3 was further adjusted for model 2 plus biochemistry factors (serum albumin, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and blood platelet count)