Ambient nitrogen dioxide is associated with emergency hospital visits for atrial fibrillation: a population-based case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland

Halldorsdottir, Solveig; Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun; Elvarsson, Bjarki Thor; Gudmundsson, Gunnar; Rafnsson, Vilhjalmur

doi:10.1186/s12940-021-00817-9

Environmental Health

Table 4 Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the daily emergency hospital visits for atrial fibrillation and flutter (ICD-10 code: I48) in Reykjavik capital area associated with 10 μg/m³ increase in NO₂, PM₁₀, PM_2.5, SO₂ and H₂S, adjusted for each pollutant, temperature and relative humidity, unstratified and stratified by gender and age, at lag 0 to lag 4

From: Ambient nitrogen dioxide is associated with emergency hospital visits for atrial fibrillation: a population-based case-crossover study in Reykjavik, Iceland

Categories		NO₂		PM₁₀		PM_2,5		SO₂		H₂S
Categories	Lag	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI	OR	95% CI
All	0	1.030	1.011–1.049	0.989	0.976–1.004	0.986	0.974–0.999	1.006	0.989–1.023	0.972	0.925–1.021
	1	1.019	0.999–1.038	0.999	0.987–1.013	0.992	0.980–1.005	1.006	0.991–1.022	0.992	0.945–1.041
	2	0.987	0.968–1.007	1.004	0.989–1.017	1.003	0.990–1.015	1.003	0.986–1.019	1.009	0.961–1.060
	3	0.991	0.971–1.011	1.009	0.996–1.023	1.001	0.988–1.014	1.006	0.989–1.024	1.024	0.975–1.075
	4	0.987	0.967–1.007	0.999	0.986–1.013	1.002	0.989–1.016	1.000	0.984–1.017	1.039	0.989–1.091
Females	0	1.051	1.019–1.083	1.000	0.979–1.022	0.990	0.971–1.009	0.998	0.971–1.025	0.936	0.863–1.015
	1	1.050	1.019–1.083	0.997	0.975–1.019	0.994	0.974–1.013	1.009	0.988–1.031	0.976	0.906–1.051
	2	0.993	0.962–1.024	1.009	0.988–1.032	0.996	0.976–1.018	1.014	0.988–1.041	0.979	0.904–1.059
	3	0.999	0.968–1.031	1.029	1.007–1.052	0.995	0.974–1.016	1.012	0.987–1.038	1.034	0.958–1.116
	4	0.993	0.962–1.026	1.011	0.990–1.032	1.002	0.981–1.023	0.997	0.972–1.024	1.019	0.942–1.102
Males	0	1.019	0.995–1.043	0.,983	0.965–1.000	0.984	0.968–0.999	1.012	0.991–1.034	0.993	0.933–1.057
	1	0.999	0.974–1.024	1.002	0.985–1.018	0.991	0.975–1.007	1.004	0.981–1.027	1.001	0.939–1.068
	2	0.983	0.958–1.008	0.999	0.982–1.017	1.006	0.991–1.022	0.994	0.971–1.017	1.029	0.967–1.095
	3	0.986	0.961–1.011	0.997	0.980–1.016	1.005	0.989–1.022	1.002	0.978–1.026	1.017	0.954–1.083
	4	0.983	0.958–1.009	0.991	0.973–1.009	1.003	0.986–1.020	1.003	0.981–1.025	1.053	0.989–1.121
Older (≥71)	0	1.037	1.008–1068	0.988	0.968–1.008	0.990	0.971–1.009	1.003	0.980–1.027	0.922	0.852–0.998
	1	1.040	1.011–1.071	0.994	0.975–1.014	0.987	0.968–1.006	0.999	0.977–1.022	0.937	0.871–1.008
	2	0.970	0.942–0.999	1.005	0.985–1.025	0.997	0.977–1.016	1.010	0.989–1.032	0.985	0.913–1.064
	3	0.977	0.948–1.007	1.008	0.988–1.030	1.002	0.982–1.022	1.017	0.992–1.042	1.007	0.936–1.083
	4	0.979	0.950–1.010	1.007	0.987–1.028	0.995	0.974–1.016	1.009	0.979–1.023	1.036	0.966–1.111
Younger (< 71)	0	1.025	0.999–1.051	0.992	0.973–1.010	0.984	0.967–1.000	1.010	0.986–1.034	1.007	0.945–1.072
	1	1.002	0.976–1.028	1.004	0.986–1.022	0.997	0.980–1.013	1.013	0.991–1.035	1.039	0.974–1.110
	2	1.000	0.974–1.027	1.002	0.983–1.021	1.007	0.991–1.024	0.990	0.962–1.020	1.026	0.962–1.094
	3	1.001	0.975–1.028	1.011	0.992–1.030	1.001	0.984–1.018	0.997	0.972–1.022	1.038	0.972–1.108
	4	0.992	0.966–1.019	0.993	0.975–1.012	1.008	0.990–1.025	1.001	0.975–1.027	1.041	0.972–1.115
Older females	0	1.036	0.996–1.077	0.997	0.971–1.024	0.985	0.959–1.011	1.001	0.968–1.035	0.840	0.749–0.941
	1	1.051	1.012–1.092	0.990	0.963–1.017	0.997	0.973–1.021	1.007	0.980–1.035	0.925	0.841–1.018
	2	0.987	0.949–1.027	1.019	0.991–1.047	1.003	0.977–1.031	1.022	0.993–1.051	0.936	0.843–1.040
	3	0.987	0.948–1.027	1.037	1.009–1.066	0.999	0.974–1.026	1.035	1.004–1.067	0.997	0.902–1.101
	4	0.983	0.943–1.025	1.022	0.996–1.048	0.983	0.954–1.012	0.998	0.969–1.029	1.029	0.935–1.133
Younger females	0	1.077	1.025–1.131	1.006	0.970–1.044	0.998	0.969–1.029	0.994	0.949–1.043	1.079	0.958–1.215
	1	1.049	0.997–1.102	1.009	0.974–1.046	0.988	0.957–1.021	1.012	0.977–1.047	1.075	0.950–1.216
	2	1.005	0.954–1.057	0.993	0.957–1.030	0.984	0.950–1.019	0.986	0.927–1.049	1.047	0.925–1.184
	3	1.021	0.969–1.075	1.015	0.979–1.053	0.988	0.955–1.022	0.961	0.906–1.021	1.087	0.965–1.224
	4	1.010	0.959–1.064	0.988	0.952–1.026	1.025	0.994–1.057	0.995	0.944–1.049	0.997	0.871–1.141
Older males	0	1.041	0.998–1.087	0.975	0.944–1.007	0.997	0.969–1.025	1.006	0.972–1.041	1.028	0.918–1.151
	1	1.026	0.983–1.072	0.999	0.971–1.028	0.972	0.942–1.003	0.986	0.947–1.026	0.954	0.850–1.070
	2	0.947	0.904–0.992	0.990	0.961–1.019	0.989	0.961–1.018	0.997	0.965–1.029	1.054	0.943–1.178
	3	0.963	0.920–1.009	0.972	0.939–1.005	1.004	0.973–1.037	0.987	0.945–1.031	1.013	0.909–1.130
	4	0.977	0.933–1.022	0.984	0.950–1.018	1.008	0.978–1.039	1.004	0.973–1.036	1.045	0.943–1.157
Younger males	0	1.009	0.980–1.038	0.987	0.965–1.008	0.978	0.958–0.997	1.016	0.988–1.045	0.979	0.908–1.055
	1	0.985	0.956–1.016	1.002	0.982–1.023	0.999	0.981–1.019	1.013	0.985–1.041	1.024	0.948–1.106
	2	0.999	0.969–1.030	1.005	0.983–1.027	1.014	0.996–1.033	0.991	0.959–1.025	1.020	0.946–1.099
	3	0.996	0.965–1.027	1.009	0.988–1.031	1.005	0.986–1.025	1.010	0.981–1.039	1.017	0.940–1.100
	4	0.987	0.957–1.018	0.995	0.974–1.016	1.001	0.980–1.022	1.003	0.973–1.033	1.057	0.976–1.145

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