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Table 4 Coefficients (95% CIs) from linear regression of PM2.5 exposure during 0 - 90 days before semen collection in relation to semen parameters in all participants (n = 1554)

From: Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and semen quality in fertile men

Semen parametera

Quintile of PM2.5 exposure (range)

P trendb

Q1 (28.7-49.6)

Q2 (49.7-57.0)

Q3 (57.1-64.8)

Q4 (64.9-74.0)

Q5 (74.1-92.1)

Semen volume (ml)

0 (reference)

0.005 (−0.07, 0.08)

−0.04 (−0.13, 0.04)

−0.07 (−0.17, 0.01)

−0.03 (−0.11, 0.06)

0.583

Sperm concentration (106/ml)

0 (reference)

0.12 (−5.11, 5.36))

2.53 (−3.33, 8.39)

−2.18 (−8.18, 3.82)

−0.96 (−6.92, 5.00)

0.862

Total sperm number (106)

0 (reference)

0.03 (−0.11, 0.17)

0.06 (−0.10, 0.22)

−0.07 (−0.24, 0.09)

−0.04 (−0.21, 0.12)

0.583

Total motility (%)

0 (reference)

−6.21 (−9.33, −3.08)

−4.98 (−8.48, −1.48)

−7.00 (−10.58, −3.41)

−8.42 (−11.98, −4.86)

<  0.001

Progressive motility (%)

0 (reference)

−5.04 (−7.76, −2.31)

−3.74 (−6.79, −0.69)

−4.69 (−7.82, −1.57)

−7.41 (−10.52, −4.30)

<  0.001

VCL (μm/s)

0 (reference)

−0.03 (−1.46, 1.40)

−1.38 (−2.98, 0.22)

−1.18 (−2.82, 0.46)

−3.24 (−4.82, −1.61)

<  0.001

VSL (μm/s)

0 (reference)

−0.005 (−0.04, 0.03)

−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)

−0.01 (−0.05, 0.03)

−0.07 (−0.11, −0.03)

<  0.001

VAP (μm/s)

0 (reference)

−0.21 (−1.20, 0.77)

−0.37 (−1.47, 0.73)

−0.47 (−1.60, 0.66)

−2.27 (−3.39, −1.15)

<  0.001

BCF (Hz)

0 (reference)

−0.002 (−0.02, 0.02)

−0.02 (−0.04, 0.003)

−0.03 (−0.06, −0.01)

0.01 (−0.01, 0.04)

0.611

ALH (μm/s)

0 (reference)

0.01 (−0.04, 0.06)

−0.02 (−0.07, 0.03)

−0.03 (−0.09, 0.02)

−0.06 (−0.11, −0.003)

0.028

LIN (%)

0 (reference)

−0.46 (−1.69, 0.76)

0.78 (−0.59, 2.16)

0.83 (−0.58, 2.24)

−0.37 (−1.77, 1.03)

0.971

STR (%)

0 (reference)

0.001 (−0.01, 0.01)

0.005 (−0.004, 0.01)

0.01 (−0.01, 0.02)

−0.003 (−0.01, 0.01)

0.862

WOB (%)

0 (reference)

−0.42 (−1.46, 0.63)

0.56 (−0.61, 1.73)

0.61 (−0.59, 1.81)

−0.22 (−1.42, 0.97)

0.986

MAD (°)

0 (reference)

−0.0005 (−0.03, 0.03)

−0.01 (−0.05, 0.02)

−0.01 (−0.03, 0.04)

0.002 (−0.03, 0.04)

0.971

  1. The coefficients and 95% CIs were estimated using a linear model, adjusting for age, BMI, ethnicity, education, family income, smoking status, drinking status, abstinence period, season, and temperature. Natural log transformation was applied for some sperm parameters
  2. aALH amplitude of lateral head displacement, BCF beat cross frequency, CI confidence interval, LIN linearity, MAD mean angular displacement, PM2.5 particulate matter with aerodynamic less than 2.5 μm, STR straightness, VAP average path velocity, VCL curvilinear velocity, VSL straight line velocity, WOB curvilinear path wobble
  3. bP trend value for adjusting FDR using the Benjamini & Hochberg procedure
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X