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Table 2 The association of urinary Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) concentration with all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in NHANES 2003–2014

From: Low-level plasticizer exposure and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in the general population

 

Urinary DEHP levels (ng/ml)

P for trend

<27.3

27.3-45.5

45.5-83.4

≥83.4

All-cause mortality

Crude

Ref

1.11 (0.89, 1.37)

1.14 (0.93, 1.41)

1.11 (0.91, 1.36)

0.369

Model 1

Ref

1.11 (0.89, 1.37)

1.19 (0.97, 1.47)

1.31 (1.07, 1.61)

0.005

Model 2

Ref

1.09 (0.88, 1.35)

1.19 (0.96, 1.46)

1.27 (1.03, 1.57)

0.014

CVD mortality

Crude

Ref

1.69 (1.03, 2.78)

1.65 (1.01, 2.69)

1.96 (1.22, 2.69)

0.012

Model 1

Ref

1.64 (1.00, 2.70)

1.66 (1.02, 2.70)

2.25 (1.40, 3.61)

0.001

Model 2

Ref

1.65 (1.00, 2.73)

1.73 (1.05, 2.83)

2.19 (1.35, 3.54)

0.002

  1. Values are hazard ratio (95% confidence interval).
  2. Crude was not adjusted.
  3. Model 1: adjusted for age (years, continuous), sex (female or male), and race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic-Mexican, or other).
  4. Mode 2 : model 1 plus adjusted for education levels (Less Than 9th Grade, 9-11th Grade, High School Grad/GED or Equivalent, Some College or AA degree, College Graduate or above), poverty to income ratio (<1, ≥1, or missing), physical activity (never, moderate, vigorous or missing), smoking status (never, ever or current), past-year alcohol drinking (no, yes, or missing), body mass index (<25, 25–30, or ≥30 kg/m2), total cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous), alanine aminotransferase (U/L, continuous), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mg/dL, continuous), hypertension (no/yes), diabetes (no/yes)
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X