Fig. 1

Associations (HRs) and 95%CI between residential surrounding greenness and all and specific neurodegenerative disease mortality. Legend: Five largest Belgian urban areas, 2001–2014. Results from Cox regression models using age as the underlying time scale. Model 1 included the baseline hazard, the strata terms for age and gender, and a frailty term for the urban areas; Model 2 added migrant background, household composition, educational level, and housing tenure; and Model 3 added median net taxable income at the statistical sector level. HRs expressed as one IQR increment (0.22) of residential surrounding greenness (buffer size 500-m) and neurodegenerative disease mortality outcomes