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Table 2 Measures of the association between secondhand smoke and high risk obstructive sleep apnea in the 26 included studies

From: What is the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and possible obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis

First author (year/ journal), country

Sex

Comparison

Pooled RR

95% CI (low)

95% CI (high)

Source

Anuntaseree (2001), Thailand

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring vs. never snoring

1.35

0.95

1.91

Table 2 calculation

Brunetti (2011), Italy

Boys and girls

AHI > 3

1.65

0.53

5.18

Table 3 calculation

Castronovo (2002), Australia

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring vs. never snoring

1.09

0.84

1.41

Table 1 calculation

Corbo (1989), Italy

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring vs. non snoring

1.72

1.51

1.96

Table IV calculation

Corbo (2001), Italy

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring vs. non snoring

1.55

1.06

2.27

Table 2 calculation

Ersu (2004), Turkey

Boys and girls

High risk OSA: Brouillette’s questionnaire OSA scores > 3.5

1.55

1.13

2.13

Table 3 calculation

Franklin (2004), Sweden

Men and women combined

Habitual snoring: loud and disturbing snoring at least 3 nights a week

1.49

1.30

1.70

Table 1 and Results 2nd paragraph calculation

Gill (2012), New Zealand

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: often (4–6 night/week) or always (every night/day)

1.60

0.89

2.87

Table 3 calculation

Gozal (2008), USA

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: almost always (> 4 nights/week) or always on snoring frequency and medium loud to loud on loudness of snoring

1.34

1.22

1.47

Table 1 calculation

Huang (2019), China

Men and women combined

AHI≧5

1.35

1.13

1.62

Table 3 calculation

Kaditis (2004), Greece

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: snoring every night

1.89

1.35

2.64

Table 5 calculation

Kannan (2017), USA

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring ≧ 3 nights/week

2.00

1.48

2.70

Table 2 calculation

Kheirandish-Gozal (2014), Iran

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring ≧ 3 nights/week

2.25

1.41

3.59

Table 4 calculation

Kuehni (2008), UK

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: snoring almost always

1.67

1.43

1.95

Table 1 calculation

Li AM (2010), Hong Kong

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: frequently, three nights or more per week

0.93

0.77

1.12

Table 3 calculation

Li S (2010), China

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: frequently (2–4 nights/week) or always (5–7 nights/week)

1.16

1.06

1.26

Table 1 calculation

Nosetti (2011), Italy

Boys and girls

AHI (NR)

2.31

2.04

2.61

Abstract calculation

Ohida (2007), Japan

Women

Snoring (often or always)

1.26

1.05

1.51

Table 2 calculation

Owen (1996), UK

Boys and girls

Snoring (sometimes or often)

1.83

1.20

2.79

Table 3 calculation

Sahin (2009), Turkey

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: frequently or almost every day

1.79

0.96

3.34

Table 1 calculation

Sogut (2005), Turkey

Boys and girls

AHI > 3

2.19

0.70

6.85

Table 4 calculation

Sogut (2009), Turkey

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: often and always

1.56

0.85

2.87

Table 3 calculation

Urschitz (2004), Germany

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring: frequently and always

1.29

0.91

1.83

Table 2 calculation

Włodarska (2020), Poland

Boys and girls

OSA: children aged < 13 years, AHI > 1.5; children aged > 13, AHI > 5

4.41

1.34

14.48

Table 1 calculation

Zhang (2004), Australia

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring more than 4 times/week

1.50

1.13

2.00

Table 2 and Table 3 calculation

Zhu (2013), Hong Kong

Boys and girls

Habitual snoring ≧ 3 nights/week

1.34

0.95

1.89

Table 1 calculation

  1. RR Risk ratio, CI Confidence interval, AHI Apnea–Hypopnea Index, PSG Polysomnography, NR Not reported
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X