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Table 3 Association of negative control exposure with outcome

From: Short term exposure to air pollution and mortality in the US: a double negative control analysis

 

PM2.5 lead (μg /m3)

  

O3 lead (ppb)

  

NO2 lead (ppb)

  

Model

%

95% CI

p

%

95% CI

p

%

95% CI

p

Three pollutant Model

−0.36

(−0.67, −0.11)

<0.01

0.19

(0.01, 0.37)

<0.05

−0.047

(−0.23,0.12)

0.55

Low Exposure*

−0.32

(−0.63, 0.003)

0.05

0.27

(0.07, 0.47)

<0.01

−0.05

(−0.23, 0.14)

0.64

Cardiovascular†

−0.49

(−0.97, −0.01)

<0.05

0.26

(−0.05, 0.56)

0.10

0.14

(−0.16, 0.44)

0.37

Respiratory†

−0.38

(−1.28, 0.52)

0.41

−0.57

(−0.13, −0.003)

<0.05

−0.42

(−0.99, 0.16)

0.16

  1. Values are percent increase (95% CI) for 10 μg/m3increase in PM2.5, 10 ppb in O3, and 10 ppb in NO2. All models were adjusted for temperature and absolute humidity. Lag periods for all models were lag0–1 for PM2.5, lag0–2 for O3, and lag0–2 for NO2
  2. *The threshold model analysis had the same model specifications as the baseline model analysis and was restricted to days with PM2.5below 35 μg/m3, O3below 70 ppb, and NO2below 100 ppb
  3. †Mortality due to cardiovascular disease (International Classification of Disease, 10th edition [ICD-10] codes I00 to I99) and respiratory disease (ICD-10 codes J00 to J99)
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X