Table 1 Study population characteristics. Childhood overweight was defined as WHO’s SD BMI scores being higher than the sex- and age-specific BMI cut-offs according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) [30]
Characteristic |  Mean ± SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
Maternala | Â |
Age at delivery (years) | 30.1 ± 4.2 |
Pre-pregnancy BMI | 24.3 ± 4.4 |
Smoking during pregnancy (Yes) | 41 (10.6) |
Parity | Â |
  Primiparous | 215 (55.7) |
  Secundiparous | 135 (35.0) |
  Multiparous | 36 (9.3) |
Socioeconomic status | Â |
  Low | 28 (7.2) |
  Middle | 108 (28.0) |
  High | 250 (64.8) |
Season of delivery | Â |
  Cold (Oct 1st – Mar 31st) | 196 (50.8) |
  Warm (Apr 1st – Sep 30th) | 190 (49.2) |
Newborn a | Â |
Gestational age (days) | 276 ± 11 |
Birth weight (g) | 3370 ± 484 |
Sex (Female) | 209 (54.1) |
Ethnicity | Â |
  European | 363 (94.0) |
  Non-European | 23 (6.0) |
Child at follow-up b | Â |
Age (years) | 4.6 ± 0.4 |
Childhood overweight (Yes) | 50 (13.6) |