Glyphosate exposure in early pregnancy and reduced fetal growth: a prospective observational study of high-risk pregnancies

Table 3 Relationship between first trimester urine glyphosate (GLY) and gestation-adjusted birth weight (BWT%ile)

Characteristic	Group	GLY
Characteristic	Group	Slope ± SE	p-value
All (unadjusted)	-	-0.041 ± 0.014	0.004
All (adjusted) ^a	-	-0.032 + 0.014	0.023
Tobacco Use ^b	No	-0.027 ± 0.022	0.208
Tobacco Use ^b	Yes	-0.046 ± 0.019	0.016
Alcohol Use ^b	No	-0.049 ± 0.015	0.001
Alcohol Use ^b	Yes	0.013 ± 0.043	0.760
Opioid, THC or Polysubstance Use ^b	No	-0.025 ± 0.021	0.224
Opioid, THC or Polysubstance Use ^b	Yes	-0.056 ± 0.019	0.004
Hypertensive Disorder(s) ^b	No	-0.045 ± 0.016	0.005
Hypertensive Disorder(s) ^b	Yes	-0.017 ± 0.031	0.598
Living in Large Central Metro ^b	No	-0.064 ± 0.024	0.007
Living in Large Central Metro ^b	Yes	-0.028 ± 0.017	0.108
Infant Sex ^b	Female	-0.023 ± 0.018	0.204
Infant Sex ^b	Male	-0.069 ± 0.022	0.002

^a The All (adjusted) method controlled for covariates of tobacco use, alcohol use, opioid/THC or polysubstance use, hypertension, living in large central metro area, and infant sex
^b A significant moderator with p-value < 0.05 in the interaction term

ISSN: 1476-069X