Table 3 Differences in birthweight (g), Z-score and odds ratios (ORs) of SGA and LGA per 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in preconception and trimester-averaged NO2 and PM2.5 exposure (9.6 μg/m3 for PM2.5 and 11.5 for NO2), respectively. For birthweight outcome, models are controlled for maternal age, ethnicity, education, occupation, maternal BMI at first trimester, maternal gravidity, maternal smoking status, exposure to secondhand smoking, season of delivery, gestational age, children’s sex, temperature, and relative humidity; for Z-score, SGA and LGA outcomes, models controlled for same covariates except for children’s sex and gestational age
| Â | Â | NO2 | PM2.5 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Outcome | Time period | Point Estimate | P value | LCI | UCI | Point Estimate | P value | LCI | UCI |
Birthweight | Preconception | 0.17 | 0.97 | -9.59 | 9.92 | 8.72 | 0.18 | -4.13 | 21.56 |
1st Trimester | -6.32 | 0.21 | -16.15 | 3.50 | -4.63 | 0.42 | -15.76 | 6.50 | |
2nd Trimester | -6.88 | 0.18 | -16.96 | 3.21 | -3.85 | 0.52 | -15.45 | 7.76 | |
3rd Trimester | -0.09 | 0.99 | -11.44 | 11.26 | -0.61 | 0.92 | -12.17 | 10.96 | |
Whole pregnancy | -4.12 | 0.318 | -12.202 | 3.961 | -4.00 | 0.40 | -13.31 | 5.32 | |
Z-score | Preconception | 0.001 | 0.927 | -0.024 | 0.026 | 0.019 | 0.268 | -0.014 | 0.052 |
1st Trimester | -0.014 | 0.276 | -0.039 | 0.011 | -0.011 | 0.471 | -0.039 | 0.018 | |
2nd Trimester | -0.009 | 0.503 | -0.035 | 0.017 | 0.003 | 0.854 | -0.027 | 0.033 | |
3rd Trimester | 0.003 | 0.847 | -0.026 | 0.032 | 0.004 | 0.792 | -0.026 | 0.034 | |
Whole pregnancy | -0.006 | 0.570 | -0.027 | 0.015 | 0.000 | 0.999 | -0.024 | 0.024 | |
| Â | Â | OR | P value | LCI OR | UCI OR | OR | P value | LCI OR | UCI OR |
SGA | Preconception | 1.02 | 0.69 | 0.92 | 1.14 | 0.96 | 0.62 | 0.84 | 1.11 |
1st Trimester | 0.98 | 0.66 | 0.88 | 1.08 | 0.93 | 0.24 | 0.82 | 1.05 | |
2nd Trimester | 1.13 | 0.03 | 1.02 | 1.26 | 1.08 | 0.22 | 0.95 | 1.23 | |
3rd Trimester | 1.14 | 0.04 | 1.01 | 1.29 | 1.15 | 0.04 | 1.01 | 1.31 | |
Whole pregnancy | 1.04 | 0.29 | 0.97 | 1.12 | 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.96 | 1.15 | |
LGA | Preconception | 0.99 | 0.86 | 0.92 | 1.07 | 1.02 | 0.66 | 0.92 | 1.13 |
1st Trimester | 0.99 | 0.74 | 0.92 | 1.06 | 0.95 | 0.23 | 0.87 | 1.03 | |
2nd Trimester | 1.04 | 0.28 | 0.97 | 1.13 | 1.05 | 0.35 | 0.95 | 1.15 | |
3rd Trimester | 1.04 | 0.38 | 0.95 | 1.14 | 1.05 | 0.28 | 0.96 | 1.15 | |
Whole pregnancy | 1.02 | 0.43 | 0.97 | 1.08 | 1.01 | 0.77 | 0.95 | 1.08 | |