Table 3 Specific gravity adjusted maternal urinary fluoride concentrations according to select sociodemographic variables

NIH Race/Ethnicity Categories

 White, non-Hispanic

19

1.03

1.31

0.20

4.93

p = 0.046

30

1.32

1.24

0.25

3.73

p < 0.001

 Black, non-Hispanic

29

0.62

0.47

0.24

1.81

56

0.82

0.49

0.24

4.27

 Hispanic

235

0.64

0.48

0.11

3.05

383

0.76

0.55

0.13

7.99

 Multiracial or Other, non-Hispanic

10

0.72

0.95

0.42

2.85

17

0.95

0.65

0.48

2.79

Education

 < High School

71

0.68

0.50

0.17

3.05

p = 0.031

122

0.73

0.55

0.25

3.21

p = 0.050

 High School

83

0.62

0.43

0.18

1.98

146

0.80

0.53

0.19

4.27

 Some college/technical school

87

0.61

0.51

0.11

4.93

129

0.76

0.56

0.13

7.99

 4-years of college

34

0.74

0.51

0.20

2.03

57

0.81

0.85

0.18

2.89

 Some graduate training after college

18

1.02

1.09

0.31

2.94

32

0.97

0.86

0.29

3.73

Income

 Don’t know

78

0.70

0.52

0.10

4.93

p = 0.012

143

.76

.65

.13

2.89

p < 0.001

 Less than $15,000

66

0.63

0.47

0.26

3.05

101

.75

.46

.26

4.27

 $15,000 to $29,999

70

0.54

0.31

0.17

2.85

128

.75

.75

.25

7.99

 $30,000 to $49,999

44

0.74

0.56

0.31

1.89

58

.91

.91

.29

2.27

 $50,000 to $99,999

16

0.84

0.62

0.41

2.94

27

.80

.48

.38

2.15

 $100,000 or more

19

0.93

0.93

0.38

2.00

29

.80

.78

.53

3.73

Maternal Ethnicity by Nativity

 Non-Hispanic

58

.76

.59

.20

4.93

p = 0.095

103

.94

.76

.24

4.27

p < .001

 US-Born Hispanic

104

.67

.44

.18

2.69

169

.74

.54

.22

7.99

 Non-US Born Hispanic

130

.61

.51

.10

3.05

203

.79

.62

.13

3.21

Birth Order

 First Born

100

.71

.58

.20

4.93

p = 0.190

169

.84

.70

.25

7.99

p = 0.009

 Second Born

89

.62

.51

.10

2.32

141

.74

.59

.13

4.27

 Third Born or greater

103

.64

.50

.27

3.05

162

.76

.55

.19

2.39