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Table 2 Log-binomial analyses of relationships between log-transformed phthalates exposure and gender role in children with earlier onset of puberty

From: Long-term exposure to exogenous phthalate, masculinity and femininity trait, and gender identity in children: a Chinese 3-year longitudinal cohort study

PAEs metabolites

Boys

Girls

masculinity

femininity

androgyny

undifferentiated

masculinity

femininity

androgyny

undifferentiated

LnMMP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

1.03 (0.89, 1.19)

1.04 (0.13, 8.12)

1.10 (0.70, 1.74)

0.72 (0.30, 1.73)

0.65 (0.05, 8.27)

1.15 (0.81, 1.64)

1.10 (0.74, 1.63)

0.90 (0.67, 1.22)

Persistent high

1.06 (0.79, 1.42)

1.08 (0.02, 65.98)

1.22 (0.49, 3.03)

0.52 (0.09, 2.98)

0.71 (0.03, 18.04)

1.32 (0.65, 2.69)

1.21 (0.55, 2.66)

0.81 (0.44, 1.50)

LnMEP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

1.10 (0.10, 12.36)

1.14 (0.65, 1.99)

0.90 (0.37, 2.20)

1.05 (0.46, 2.40)

1.05 (0.64, 1.74)

0.93 (0.67, 1.29)

1.06 (0.73, 1.53)

0.82 (0.44, 1.51)

Persistent high

0.62 (0.03, 13.19)

1.29 (0.42, 3.95)

0.81 (0.14, 4.84)

1.10 (0.21, 5.74)

1.10 (0.40, 3.01)

0.87 (0.46, 1.65)

1.12 (0.53, 2.34)

0.67 (0.20, 2.29)

LnMnBP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

1.06 (0.92, 1.22)

1.01 (0.59, 1.72)

2.11 (0.77, 5.77)

0.55 (0.26, 1.18)

0.48 (0.03, 6.86)

0.91 (0.70, 1.18)

1.03 (0.72, 1.47)

0.97 (0.55, 1.73)

Persistent high

1.12 (0.84, 1.48)

1.01 (0.35, 2.96)

4.43 (0.59, 33.25)

0.30 (0.07, 1.39)

1.04 (0.07, 14.48)

0.83 (0.49, 1.39)

1.06 (0.52, 2.15)

0.95 (0.30, 2.99)

LnMiBP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

0.97 (0.38, 2.44)

0.91 (0.51, 1.66)

0.99 (0.57, 1.70)

1.99 (0.79, 4.98)

0.29 (0.02, 3.89)

1.12 (0.82, 1.52)

0.89 (0.61, 1.29)

1.06 (0.72, 1.57)

Persistent high

0.93 (0.15, 5.94)

0.84 (0.26, 2.74)

0.97 (0.33, 2.90)

3.95 (0.63, 24.83)

0.25 (0.01, 5.62)

1.25 (0.67, 2.32)

0.79 (0.38, 1.66)

1.13 (0.52, 2.46)

LnMEHP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

1.06 (0.55, 2.04)

0.96 (0.85, 1.08)

1.13 (0.88, 1.46)

0.88 (0.64, 1.22)

-

1.02 (0.69, 1.50)

-

1.23 (0.83, 1.84)

Persistent high

1.13 (0.30, 4.18)

0.91 (0.72, 1.16)

1.29 (0.78, 2.13)

0.78 (0.41, 1.48)

-

1.03 (0.47, 2.26)

-

1.53 (0.69, 3.39)

LnMEHHP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

0.97 (0.69, 1.39)

1.01 (0.90, 1.12)

1.19 (0.86, 1.65)

0.47 (0.22, 1.02)

-

1.16 (0.82, 1.64)

0.92 (0.62, 1.37)

1.08 (0.73, 1.59)

Persistent high

0.95 (0.47, 1.92)

1.01 (0.81, 1.26)

1.41 (0.74, 2.71)

0.22 (0.05, 1.05)

-

1.34 (0.67, 2.68)

0.85 (0.38, 1.87)

1.16 (0.54, 2.52)

LnMEOHP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

-

0.99 (0.87, 1.12)

-

0.70 (0.34, 1.43)

0.49 (0.04, 5.82)

0.99 (0.77, 1.28)

0.94 (0.65, 1.35)

1.09 (0.59, 2.00)

Persistent high

-

0.98 (0.76, 1.25)

-

0.48 (0.12, 2.03)

0.42 (0.02, 8.85)

0.98 (0.59, 1.65)

0.88 (0.43, 1.81)

1.19 (0.35, 4.01)

Ln∑LMWP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

0.70 (0.10, 4.76)

1.09 (0.96, 1.24)

1.62 (0.91, 2.88)

0.43 (0.21, 0.87)

-

0.91 (0.71, 1.17)

0.93 (0.63, 1.37)

1.16 (0.82, 1.63)

Persistent high

0.99 (0.76, 1.30)

1.19 (0.92, 1.55)

2.62 (0.83, 8.27)

0.18 (0.05, 0.75)

-

0.83 (0.51, 1.37)

0.86 (0.39, 1.87)

1.34 (0.68, 2.64)

Ln∑DEHP

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

1.03 (0.72, 1.48)

1.01 (0.90, 1.13)

-

0.86 (0.38, 1.95)

1.02 (0.57, 1.86)

0.90 (0.69, 1.18)

0.92 (0.53, 1.58)

1.27 (0.75, 2.16)

Persistent high

1.07 (0.52, 2.20)

1.01 (0.80, 1.28)

-

0.74 (0.14, 3.79)

1.05 (0.32, 3.45)

0.82 (0.48, 1.39)

0.84 (0.28, 2.50)

1.62 (0.56, 4.67)

Ln∑PAEs

        

Persistent low

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

1.00 (reference)

Fluctuated

0.56 (0.08, 3.95)

1.08 (0.96, 1.22)

-

0.62 (0.32, 1.19)

-

0.93 (0.73, 1.20)

0.84 (0.55, 1.29)

1.30 (0.90, 1.87)

Persistent high

-

1.16 (0.91, 1.48)

-

0.38 (0.10, 1.42)

-

0.87 (0.53, 1.44)

0.71 (0.30, 1.67)

1.69 (0.81, 3.51)

  1. aAdjusted for age, single-child status, monthly household incomes, parents’ occupation and gender identity in visit 1
  2. bBold values referred to P < 0.05
  3. cData were not shown if the number of participants in this group was too small to analyze
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Environmental Health

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