Table 4 Risk of developing lung cancer according to the respective respirable crystalline silica exposure categories set by each study
Cases | Risk | 95%CI | Adjustment | ||
Cohort studies | |||||
Pukkala et al. (2009) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) years | RR | ||||
Not exposed | 1 | Age, period, social class, smoking and asbestos | |||
≤0.9 | 2999 | 1.05 | 0.99–1.10 | ||
1.0–9.9 | 2339 | 0.99 | 0.93–1.05 | ||
≥10 | 208 | 1.2 | 1.05–1.38 | ||
Bergdahl et al. (2010) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) years | RR | ||||
Not exposed | 14 | 1 | Age and calendar year | ||
0–2 | 59 | 1.62 | 0.90–2.92 | ||
2–5 | 27 | 2.09 | 1.08–4.06 | ||
>5 | 12 | 1.74 | 0.79–3.85 | ||
Bugge et al. (2012) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) years | RR | ||||
Respirable dust | Age | ||||
0–3.8 | 8 | 1 | |||
3.8–10 | 18 | 1.7 | 0.7-4.0 | ||
10–87 | 32 | 2.0 | 0.9–4.4 | ||
Respirable quartz | |||||
0–0.026 | 10 | 1 | |||
0.026–0.077 | 18 | 1.3 | 0.6–2.8 | ||
0.077–2.3 | 30 | 1.5 | 0.7–3.1 | ||
Respirable cristobalite | |||||
0–0.028 | 9 | 1 | |||
0.028–0.093 | 15 | 1.2 | 0.5–2.7 | ||
0.093–2.7 | 34 | 2.0 | 0.9–4.1 | ||
Westberg et al. (2013) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) year | Total no. | HR | |||
53 | Age at diagnosis | ||||
<1 | - | 1 | |||
1–1.9 | - | 1.01 | 0.55–1.84 | ||
≥2 | - | 0.78 | 0.24–2.57 | ||
Cases | Controls | Risk | 95%CI | Adjustment | |
Case–control studies | |||||
Cassidy et al. (2007) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) hours | OR | ||||
Not exposed 20 years ago | 2417 | 1 | Age, sex, center, smoking, educational level, sawdust powder insulation and sawdust | ||
0–9 | 89 | 81 | 1.07 | 0.77–1.50 | |
9–35 | 98 | 81 | 1.06 | 0.75–1.49 | |
35–200 | 110 | 74 | 1.47 | 1.04–2.06 | |
>200 | 138 | 74 | 2.08 | 1.49–2.90 | |
Preller et al. (2010) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) year | RR | ||||
Not exposed | 1 | Age, family history of lung cancer, smoking, no. of cig/day, years of smoking, fruit and vegetables and alcohol consumption | |||
>0–<3 | 148 | - | 0.95 | 0.73–1.25 | |
≥3 | 62 | - | 1.47 | 0.93–2.33 | |
Mean concentration (mg/m3) | |||||
Not exposed | 1 | ||||
>0–<0.075 | 109 | - | 0.97 | 0.70–1.33 | |
0.075–0.2 | 75 | - | 1.21 | 0.82–1.78 | |
0.2–0.6 | 26 | - | 1.14 | 0.63–2.05 | |
Ge et al. (2020) | |||||
Cumulative exposure (mg/m3) years | OR | ||||
Not exposed | 11,978 | 16,477 | 1 | Study, age, sex, smoking, list A of occupations | |
>0–0.39 | 1113 | 1128 | 1.15 | 1.04–1.27 | |
0.4–1.09 | 1221 | 1120 | 1.33 | 1.21–1.47 | |
1.1–2.39 | 1231 | 1122 | 1.29 | 1.17–1.42 | |
≥2.4 | 1358 | 1118 | 1.45 | 1.31–1.60 | |