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Table 2 Adjusted hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of coronary artery disease by air pollution exposure

From: Association of air pollution exposure and increased coronary artery disease risk: the modifying effect of genetic susceptibility

Air pollutants

 

Air pollution concentration quartiles

Per 10 μg/m3 increment

P

First

Second

Third

Fourth

PM2.5

Concentration (μg/m3, range)

8.2–9.3

9.4–9.9

10.0–10.6

10.7–21.3

  
 

No. of cases

4,916

5,258

5,434

5,581

  
 

Model 1

1

1.12 (1.08, 1.16)

1.18 (1.14, 1.23)

1.30 (1.25, 1.35)

2.56 (2.27, 2.90)

 < 2.00E-16

 

Model 2

1

1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

1.06 (1.02, 1.10)

1.25 (1.09, 1.44)

0.001

PM2.5–10

Concentration (μg/m3, range)

5.6–5.8

5.9–6.1

6.2–6.6

6.7–12.8

  
 

No. of cases

5,276

5,387

5,224

5,302

  
 

Model 1

1

1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

1.06 (1.02, 1.10)

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)

1.16 (1.00, 1.35)

0.045

 

Model 2

1

1.01 (0.97, 1.05)

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.01 (0.87, 1.18)

0.865

PM10

Concentration (μg/m3, range)

11.8–15.3

15.4–16.0

16.1–17.0

17.1–31.4

  
 

No. of cases

5,154

5,415

5,371

5,249

  
 

Model 1

1

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)

1.12 (1.07, 1.16)

1.09 (1.05, 1.13)

1.22 (1.14, 1.31)

1.56E-08

 

Model 2

1

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.05 (1.01, 1.09)

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.06 (0.98, 1.14)

0.146

NO2

Concentration (μg/m3, range)

12.9–21.5

21.6–26.2

26.3–31.3

31.4–108.5

  
 

No. of cases

5,267

5,720

5,950

5,671

  
 

Model 1

1

1.12 (1.08, 1.16)

1.20 (1.16, 1.25)

1.24 (1.20, 1.29)

1.11 (1.09, 1.13)

 < 2.00E-16

 

Model 2

1

1.02 (0.98, 1.06)

1.07 (1.03, 1.11)

1.06 (1.01, 1.10)

1.03 (1.01, 1.05)

0.002

NOx

Concentration (μg/m3, range)

19.7–34.4

34.5–42.4

42.5–50.8

50.9–265.9

  
 

No. of cases

5,175

5,702

5,855

5,876

  
 

Model 1

1

1.13 (1.09, 1.18)

1.22 (1.17, 1.27)

1.29 (1.25, 1.34)

1.05 (1.04, 1.06)

 < 2.00E-16

 

Model 2

1

1.04 (1.00, 1.08)

1.08 (1.04, 1.12)

1.06 (1.02, 1.11)

1.01 (1.00, 1.02)

0.004

  1. Model 1, Cox proportional hazard model, adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male/female)
  2. Model 2, model 1 plus race (White/Mixed /Asian or Asian British/Black or Black British), alcohol consumption (never/previous/current/missing), smoking status (never/previous/current/missing), body mass index (< 25 kg/m2/25 to 29.9 kg/m2/ ≥ 30 kg/m2/ missing), education level (College or University degree, A/AS-level, O-level/GCSE, CSE, NVQ/HND/HNC, other qualifications, none), UK Biobank assessment center, physical activity (continuous, MET-min/week), diabetes at baseline (yes/no), and cardiovascular disease at baseline (yes/no)
  3. PM2.5 fine particulate matter with diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM2.5–10 particulate matter with diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm, PM10 particulate matter with diameter ≤ 10 μm, NO2 nitrogen dioxide, NOx nitrogen oxides
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X