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Table 3 Associations between long-term air pollution exposure (per 10 \(\mathrm{\mu g}/{m}^{3}\) increment) and depression

From: Particulate matters (PM2.5, PM10) and the risk of depression among middle-aged and older population: analysis of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), 2016–2020 in South Korea

 

Odds Ratio (95% CI)

PM2.5

PM10

Crude model

1.28 (1.13, 1.44)

1.15 (1.07, 1.22)

Adjusted modela

 Single pollutant (main analysis)

1.36 (1.20, 1.56)

1.19 (1.10, 1.29)

 Two-pollutant (plus NO2)

1.41 (1.22, 1.63)

1.18 (1.09, 1.28)

 Two-pollutant (plus O3)

1.44 (1.25, 1.65)

1.20 (1.11, 1.29)

 One-year average concentrations before panel examination periodb

1.47 (1.26, 1.70)

1.25 (1.15, 1.37)

  1. We estimated the odds ratios from the generalized estimating equation (GEE) model, and depression was defined as having a CES-D 10 score of 20 points or over
  2. CI confidence interval, PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 μm, PM10 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm, NO2 nitrogen dioxide, O3 ozone
  3. aAdjusted for baseline depression status, sex, age group, current smoking, current drinking, education attainment, marital status, social contact, self-reported health status, exercise, private medical insurance, longitude, latitude, and the interaction term of longitude and latitude, population density, the number of beds in hospitals per 1,000 persons, the number of national basic livelihood beneficiaries, the independent rate of finance of local government, and the proportion of basic pension beneficiaries
  4. bAverage concentration from September of the previous year to August of the current year in 2016, 2018, and August of the previous year to July of the current year in 2020
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X