Table 1 Characteristics of the mother-child pairs participants (n = 221)
Characteristics | Mean ± SD/number (%) |
|---|---|
Maternal Characteristics | |
 Maternal age at delivery (years) | 29.31 ± 5.41 |
 Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 20.54 ± 2.97 |
 Maternal education | |
  Less than high school | 87 (39.4) |
  high school | 43 (19.5) |
  College graduate or higher | 91 (41.2) |
 Parity | |
  Primiparity | 107 (48.4) |
  Multipara | 114 (51.6) |
 Folic acid supplement | |
  None | 72 (32.6) |
  Before pregnancy | 43 (19.5) |
  During pregnancy | 106 (48.0) |
 Passive smoking | |
  Yes | 88 (39.8) |
  No | 133 (60.2) |
 Household income (yuan/year) | |
   < 60,000 | 85 (38.5) |
  60,000–150,000 | 86 (38.9) |
   ≥ 150,000 | 50(22.6) |
Children Characteristics | |
 Sex | |
  Boys | 125 (56.6) |
  Girls | 96 (43.4) |
 Gestational age (weeks) | 38.64 ± 1.17 |
 Birth weight (g) | 3123.89 ± 426.13 |
 Age (years) | 4.61 ± 0.64 |
 Breastfeeding duration (months) | |
   < 6 | 66 (29.9) |
   ≥ 6 | 155 (70.1) |
 Children’s IQ | |
  VCI | 85.55 ± 11.35 |
  VSI | 90.69 ± 11.62 |
  WMI | 90.97 ± 13.15 |
  FRI | 100.48 ± 11.24 |
  PSI | 99.38 ± 11.31 |
  FSIQ | 86.90 ± 11.53 |