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Table 3 Percent change (and 95% Confidence Interval (CI)) in mortality per increase in the 2-day mean temperature from the 75th to the 99th percentile of the area-specific distribution, (a) without an interaction with air pollution and (b) by low, medium, and high levels of air pollutant represented by 5th (l), 50th (m), and 95th (h) percentile of area-specific distribution. Results of second stage analysis pooling municipality level effectsa

From: Modification of heat-related effects on mortality by air pollution concentration, at small-area level, in the Attica prefecture, Greece

Pollutant level

Natural-cause mortality

p-valueb

Cardio-pulmonary mortality

p-valueb

Cardiovascular mortality

p-valueb

Respiratory mortality

p-valueb

No pollutant

 –

12.78

(11.12–14.45)

 

13.38

(10.83- 15.99)

 

9.97 (7.31- 12.70)

 

22.62

(16.85- 28.68)

 

PM10

 l

12.40

(7.76–17.24)

0.012

5.78

(−0.96–12.98)

< 0.001

1.08

(− 5.41–8.01)

0.001

7.72

(− 7.04–24.82)

< 0.001

 m

19.54

(16.64–22.50)

14.54

(11.20–17.98)

7.42

(4.04–10.92)

40.91

(30.47–52.17)

 h

21.25

(17.83–24.76)

23.47

(18.72–28.41)

15.98

(11.16–21.00)

54.30

(38.97–71.31)

O3

 l

10.09

(−5.62–28.41)

0.450

− 7.84

(− 23.48–10.99)

0.001

−7.61

(− 27.01–16.94)

0.053

25.61

(−12.72–80.77)

0.008

 m

11.79

(9.00–14.64)

11.55

(6.92–16.39)

8.87

(3.72–14.28)

12.57

(1.12–25.32)

 h

14.95

(10.79–19.27)

23.66

(16.61–31.13)

17.72

(10.06–25.91)

47.69

(29.34–68.64)

NO2

 l

11.00

(7.60–14.51)

< 0.001

8.94

(3.92–14.20)

< 0.001

6.47

(0.43–12.87)

0.040

15.56

(4.97–27.21)

0.019

 m

15.29

(13.23–17.39)

16.90

(13.90–19.99)

13.24

(10.01–16.56)

27.58

(19.00–36.78)

 h

5.78

(2.50–9.17)

7.35

(3.39–11.46)

6.04

(0.40–12.00)

4.75

(−7.83–19.04)

  1. aPooled estimates from municipality-specific over-dispersed Poisson regression models, including (a) a smoothing spline with 2 df for the two-day moving average of air temperature and (b) a tensor smoother for the two-day moving averages of both air temperature and air pollutant, adjusted for seasonal trends and day of the week
  2. bp-value from Q-test for heterogeneity between subgroups