From: Olfactory and cognitive decrements in 1991 Gulf War veterans with gulf war illness/chronic multisymptom illness
GW Veterans
PPMI HC
Anosmia - total loss of olfaction
(UPSIT ≤ 18)
10%
3%
Hyposmia - decreased sensitivity
(UPSIT 19–33, males; 19–34, females)
75%
50%
Normosmia - normal olfaction
(UPSIT ≥ 34, males; ≥35 females)
15%
47%