Association between maternal blood or cord blood metal concentrations and catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: an analysis by the Japan environment and children’s study

Table 3 Regression coefficients for blood metal concentrations in relation to measures of height SDS

Participants	Metal	Height SDS at 2 years of age	Height SDS at 3 years of age	Height SDS at 4 years of age
		β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
N = 4,683	Mn	0.42 (0.06, 0.79)	0.05 (−0.04, 0.14)	0.02 (−0.07, 0.12)
	Pb	0.06 (−0.24, 0.37)	−0.03 (−0.10, 0.05)	−0.07 (−0.15, 0.01)
	Se	0.05 (−0.90, 0.99)	−0.08 (−0.31, 0.16)	−0.12 (−0.36, 0.12)
	Hg	0.12 (−0.09, 0.33)	0.02 (−0.04, 0.07)	0.02 (−0.03, 0.08)
	Cd	0.05 (−0.20, 0.29)	0.04 (−0.02, 0.10)	0.05 (−0.01, 0.11)

Note: Models were adjusted for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption and smoking status, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus, income, and education
Log2-transformed metal concentrations were used for the models
Cd: Cadmium; Hg: Mercury; Mn: Manganese; Pb: Lead; Se: Selenium; CI: Confidence interval; SGA: Small for gestational age; SDS: Standard deviation score

ISSN: 1476-069X