Association between maternal blood or cord blood metal concentrations and catch-up growth in children born small for gestational age: an analysis by the Japan environment and children’s study

Table 5 Regression coefficients for cord blood metal concentrations in relation to height SDS at respective age

Participants	Metal	Height SDS at 2 years of age	Height SDS at 3 years of age	Height SDS at 4 years of age
		β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)
N = 278	Mn	−0.03(−0.55, 0.49)	−0.15 (−0.43, 0.14)	−0.03 (−0.56, 0.51)
	Pb	−0.17 (−0.57, 0.24)	−0.10 (−0.32, 0.12)	−0.25 (−0.67, 0.17)
	Se	0.54 (−0.63, 1.70)	0.03 (−0.61, 0.67)	0.59 (−0.62, 1.79)
	Hg	−0.05 (−0.33, 0.23)	0.08 (−0.08, 0.23)	−0.14 (−0.44, 0.15)
	Cd	−0.45 (−0.90, 0.01)	−0.29 (−0.55, −0.04)	−0.12 (−0.59, 0.35)

Note: Models were adjusted for maternal age, prepregnancy body mass index, alcohol consumption and smoking status, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, diabetes mellitus, income, and education
Log2-transformed metal concentrations were used for the models
Cd: Cadmium; Hg: Mercury; Mn: Manganese; Pb: Lead; Se: Selenium; CI: Confidence interval; SGA: Small for gestational age; SDS: Standard deviation score

ISSN: 1476-069X